Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options (2014)

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G-1 The following presents the 937 airport sustainability best practices included in the SAGA database that was refined as part of ACRP Project 02-30, “Enhancing the Airport-Industry SAGA Website.” The following list is organized by the original SAGA categories. In the refined SAGA database, these practices will be associated with the Sustainability Categories defined by the Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System. Administrative • Policies, Procedures, and Plans – Create and follow a sustainable vision/mission statement. – Require that all developers, contractors, and tenants have and follow a corporate sustainability policy. – Develop or adopt sustainability guidelines and metrics. – Brand, track, certify, manage, and market sustainable initiatives using an airport-specific sustainability logo (i.e., place on green vehicles, recycling bins, and other airport signage). – Develop or adopt a sustainability project rating and award recognition program. – Develop a sustainability recognition program for airport business partners. – Use standardized tracking forms and guidelines to document all sustainable construction activities. – Tie contractor/vendor sustainability submittals and documentation of sustainable practices to payments (e.g., tie construc- tion contractor green equipment and fuel use logs to monthly payments). – Require regular sustainability progress reports at several stages throughout the design and construction process at project start-up, interim milestones, project substantial completion, and close-out. – Develop and implement an Environmental Management System (EMS) to track progress in improving environmental performance. – Develop and follow a Sustainable Management Plan or Sustainable Airport Master Plan. – Tie sustainability goals and objectives into the operations and maintenance and capital improvement program budget process to ensure that life cycle costs, impacts on other divisions, and specific sustainability goals for projects are addressed. – Include a sustainability training requirement in all bid documents. – Integrate sustainability language and requirements into airport contracts. – Clearly define sustainable design goals in requests for qualifications (RFQs), requests for proposals (RFPs), and bid review criteria. – Include sustainable practices in the airport’s Minimum Operating Standards. – Urge state and local legislative authorities to adopt laws that support sustainability and remove barriers to sustainability practices. – Apply for national, state, and local grants to support the implementation of sustainable practices. – Support the development of alternative fuels for aircraft. – Maintain regular discourse with federal, state and local air management agencies to be aware of plans and timelines affect- ing the airport, including State Implementation Plan development and air emissions inventories. A P P E N D I X G Airport Sustainability Best Practices

G-2 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Pursue U.S. Green Building Council LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Certification or equivalent (e.g., BREEAM, DGNB, GreenStar, etc.). – Require a U.S. Green Building Council LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or equivalent building standard and green operating commitment from non-airport controlled buildings that are on airport-controlled land, such as hotels and restaurants. – Use the Envision™ rating system to assess the sustainability performance of airport infrastructure projects and develop- ment programs. – Adopt the Global Reporting Initiative’s Sustainability Reporting Framework, following their Airport Operations Sector Supplement. – Publish an internal and external airport-wide sustainability report. – Develop a communication plan to report on sustainability performance that includes social media posts, website informa- tion, commercial advertisement in the terminals, stakeholder presentations, etc. – Develop and implement an air quality improvement program. – Prepare an airport-wide greenhouse gas emissions inventory. – Conduct an emissions inventory for all projected construction activities. – Develop and implement an Asset or Infrastructure Management Plan. – Develop and implement a Pavement Management Plan. – Perform a pre-NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) analysis of environmental resource categories as part of plan- ning efforts. – Develop a Cultural Resources Management Plan (CRMP) to guide the treatment and identification of cultural resources. – Develop an Unanticipated Discovery Plan that establishes a response framework for the environmental manager in the event unanticipated finds are discovered. – Complete a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment. – Develop and implement a Risk Management System according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 31000 Risk Management—Principles and Guidelines. – Use the “Total Cost Assessment” (TCA) tool to incorporate the costs and savings associated with environmental consider- ations as a key part of business decisions. – Develop a rolling (e.g., 15-year) capital expenditures (CAPEX) Roadmap that shows the annual capital demand for all capital development projects. – Establish a sustainability budget to fund sustainability projects. • Sustainability Meetings, Teams, and Presentations – Establish a sustainability oversight committee or “Green Team” to guide, direct, and evaluate the integration of sustain- ability practices. – Create a “sustainability manager” position and/or an “office of sustainability.” – Establish a sustainability liaison to the airport sponsor for all design, construction, operations, maintenance, and tenant activities. – Develop a sustainable review panel that includes designers, engineers, construction managers, and contractors to facilitate submittals and review documentation. – Establish a regular meeting schedule to discuss sustainability progress with construction and maintenance contractors, ten- ants, airlines, local regulators, and/or national civil aviation administration and national environmental protection agency representatives. – Plan for annual meetings at times of the year when temperatures are less extreme to reduce energy consumption due to the use of air conditioning/heat. – Post sustainable meeting best practices in meeting rooms and on internet and intranet sites. – Integrate various airport departments and functions to promote sustainability goals, including planning and design, opera- tions and maintenance, procurement, real estate, and legal. – Utilize electronic visual aids instead of paper where appropriate to facilitate discussion in sustainability meetings. – Use zero-emission or low-emitting materials for exhibit displays. – Reuse display boards; utilize both front and back sides. – Conduct meetings outdoors when appropriate to take advantage of natural light and fresh air. – Create an electronic library/central depository for viewing project information to reduce paperwork.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-3 – Create an “environmental handbook for tenants” that includes emergency contact numbers, policies, reporting require- ments, spill response, procedures for handling international waste and managing and disposing wastes such as fluorescent bulbs, etc. – Assign team members to obtain a U.S. Green Building Council LEED professional credential (e.g., LEED Accredited Profes- sional (AP) with specialty or LEED Green Associate) or similar credential. – Encourage construction field personnel, project architects and engineers, contractors, project supervisors, and trades people to achieve American National Standards Institute accredited Green Advantage Certified Practitioner (GACP) Certification. – Provide training opportunities for U.S. Green Building Council LEED Accredited Professionals and American Institute of Architects (AIA) professionals to obtain continuing education hours. – Assign a U.S. Green Building Council LEED Accredited Professional (AP) to review sustainable concepts and practices with project team members including green building planning, design, construction, operations, and maintenance. • Community Outreach – Sponsor local community projects that showcase sustainability efforts such as recycling days and tree plantings. – Develop working relationships/partnerships with community groups; community leadership; local businesses; and local, regional, and/or national environmental organizations. – Solicit feedback on a particular project from local community leaders. – Issue a newsletter to local residents, businesses, libraries, and the city hall that discusses construction progress, airport updates, events, facts, and/or other information. – Provide airport internships in administrative and technical areas (e.g., business administration, information technology (IT), car mechanic, electrician, landscaping, etc.), focusing on low-income and diverse populations. – Provide a “help desk”/“welcome center” information table where volunteers help answer questions, provide assistance with lost luggage, offer brochures of local attractions, pass out freebies, showcase the city, discuss sustainable practices, and provide a friendly welcome. – Arrange for space in public and private (i.e., tenant) areas for sustainability displays and awareness training. – Create an interactive multimedia display (e.g., website or kiosk) that would engage and educate visitors about the sustain- able aspects of completed projects and/or airport operations. – Create short, easy to understand video-clips that explain various elements of airport operations and sustainability for dis- play in terminals and/or on the internet (“Airport-TV”). – Provide construction information kiosks at the airport. – Coordinate with local schools to arrange for field trips or educational presentations on airport and aviation-related issues. – Provide narrated tours of the airport to demonstrate sustainability achievements and specific installations (e.g., solar panels). – Develop and provide free, internet accessible learning material and tutorials for public schools on the topics of aviation and environment/sustainability. – Participate in a mentorship program with a local school where airport employees build special connections with students by reading, playing games, and sharing experiences in a supportive learning environment. – Partner with local conservation groups to restore native habitat. – Host a seminar open to the community and/or other stakeholders that provides education on the airport, aviation, and sustainability-related topics (separate from the required public hearing). – Develop a “Speaker’s Bureau” where airport representatives report the airport’s sustainability accomplishments to local communities and determine points of collaboration for future practices. – Serve as a guest lecturer at a university, speaking to students and faculty (live or via teleconference) about airport sustain- ability initiatives. – Partner with universities and research centers to evaluate, demonstrate, and commercialize new airport sustainability practices. – Administer and/or contribute to a scholarship fund that supports education, sustainability, and aviation. – Distribute press releases regarding specific airport projects and sustainability accomplishments. – Work with municipalities to prevent incompatible land uses. – Provide transportation to public meetings. – Ensure that public meetings are at varied times (day/evening) and at varied locations. – Provide child care during public meetings.

G-4 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Provide a foreign language translator, a sign language translator, and/or equipment for handicapped/disadvantaged attendees during land acquisition processes, public meetings, and similar events. – Hold press conferences and issue press releases in conjunction with construction changes and milestones. – Indicate sustainability goals in all interactions with the public for all design and construction projects. – Produce training materials, flyers, and press releases in languages other than English that will reach local minority or ethnic groups in the community. – Develop and implement a ‘Periodicals for Education’ program, collecting magazines, newspapers, and books from inter- national passengers and donating them to educational facilities that teach foreign languages, senior centers, nonprofit organizations, and/or military organizations. – Donate airplane passenger headphones, blankets and pillows to homeless shelters and/or charity organizations. – Provide the public with live data on the performance of airport alternative renewable energy systems. – Partner with community leaders to provide incentives and/or establish foreign trade zones that would attract new clean businesses and educational institutions to the community. – Offer a free roadway advertisement/sponsorship, or a reduced advertisement fee, for tenants or community groups who clean up an airport roadway environment. – Coordinate informal meetings with the mayors of neighboring cities to discuss airport projects, sustainability, and other general information. – Detail current and anticipated sustainability practices on airport and local municipality websites and provide an opportu- nity for community input. – Provide job experience and income by operating an on-airport apiary (beehives) to sell honey and honey-based products. – Use a community volunteer “airport rangers” equestrian program and/or “airport watch” aircraft plane spotting program to monitor suspicious activity, perimeter fencing, wildlife activity, and foreign object debris (FOD). – Establish an archery-only deer hunting program on airport property. – Schedule mobile food trucks to provide service in the cell phone waiting lot. – Provide designated public observation and photographer locations around the airport with a view to air traffic (“plane spotter locations”). – Host a “Relay for Life” or other walking event inside the terminal (during off-peak hours) to raise funds for a charity. – Establish an honor flight program with an airline where veterans are paid tribute to inside the airport and fly to a national memorial free of charge. – Organize an “Airport Experience for Autistic Children and Adults” where people with autism can practice entering the air- port, obtaining boarding passes, checking bags, being screened at the security checkpoint, boarding the aircraft, and sitting on an aircraft in preparation for a future flight. – Start an “Airport Explorers” program with local schools and children’s groups, such as the Boy and Girl Scouts, to allow children to explore airplane related jobs and functions. – Establish a social organization of airport partners (i.e., an “Airport Managers Association”) for communicating, networking, and recreational outings that includes managers from the airlines, Transportation Security Administration, concessions, Customs and Border Protection, and the airport authority. – Sign a “Sister Airport” agreement with another airport outside the country to formalize a commitment to work collabora- tively to strengthen air service, trade, tourism and cultural links. – Send holiday care packages/goodies to airport staff serving military duty. – Host an international airport delegation, providing a tour of airport facilities, briefings on construction projects and sus- tainability practices, and technical discussions on planning, engineering and construction. – Deliver gifts and goodie baskets to local families who need assistance and support during the holiday season (e.g., children’s educational toys, games, blankets, bicycles and gift cards). – Host an airplane pull/tug-of-war competition to raise money for charity. – Use social media to promote the airport and its sustainability accomplishments, issue alerts, travel tips, traffic information, weather updates, flight cancellations, etc. – Create an airport float made of recycled materials for use in parades to promote teamwork, community, and resource conservation. • Human Resources – Recruit and train members of minority and women-owned businesses. – Link achievement of the organization’s sustainability goals to performance reviews of key personnel.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-5 – Include sustainability responsibilities in job descriptions. – Include educational training on sustainability in periodic employee meetings. – Provide training on the airport’s sustainable planning, design and construction guidelines, including their basis, the parties responsible for using the guidelines, and the sustainable rating system. – Incorporate objectives of Americans with Disabilities Act compliance and the accommodation of persons with special needs in the project planning phase so that any additional costs can be properly managed. – Provide sustainability awareness training programs, presentations, and/or meetings for employees, consultants, tenants, and contractors. – Conduct frequent employee performance reviews to ensure alignment of labor practice goals with business strategy. – Conduct periodic employee satisfaction and engagement surveys (anonymous) on topics like work and job challenges, work-life-balance, workplace health, etc. – Develop an employee retention and development plan consistent with the overall organizational goals. – Establish team-specific goals and objectives that support the airport’s overall goals in an effort to keep employees engaged and committed. – Recognize employees for their achievements and outstanding performances through an award and recognition program that may include luncheons, team outings, and gift cards. – Measure and communicate changes in absenteeism of affected employees. – Measure and communicate user satisfaction with airport facilities. – Install “green” suggestion boxes to obtain airport passenger and employee input and to identify any questions or concerns regarding existing sustainable practices. – Develop Labor Practice and Decent Work Indicators consistent with goals for employee development and maintaining a strong and viable work force. – Require documented sustainability experience from contractors and subcontractors. – Communicate sustainability goals and requirements at pre-bid, bid, project start, update meetings, and review them at project closeout. – Review sustainable building requirements in specifications with each contractor and subcontractor prior to commence- ment of work. – Provide leadership training for airport sustainability staff. – Host a concession, airline, and/or department of aviation job opportunity fair. – Host an airport concessions workshop that includes an overview of the Request for Proposals (RFP) process, information on having a business at the airports, and an explanation on how to become certified as an Airport Concessions Disadvan- taged Business Enterprise (if applicable). – Offer voluntary, free language courses for employees (e.g., English aviation terms and common tourist languages). – Offer voluntary, free courses on using administrative software (presentation, document, and spreadsheet software). – Develop a ‘Take Your Child to Work Day’ Program that includes a tour of the airfield, hangars, and fire stations, and pre- sentations from airport staff, tenants, and the airlines. – Provide a subsidized on-site daycare facility for employee children. • Health and Safety – Participate in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA’s) Voluntary Protection Programs. – Develop an Airport Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Plan. – Provide first responder life support training for employees. – Install Automated External Defibrillators (AED). – Communicate alternative routes to the nearest medical facility as part of the overall health and safety program. – Participate in a full scale emergency response exercise to evaluate the capability and effectiveness of emergency responders in the event of an actual emergency. – Participate in an emergency exercise with a local hospital/medical center to train medical staff on how to transfer patients from an aircraft to local medical facilities in the event of a natural disaster or other emergency that forces evacuation of a hospital. – Conduct road safety audits for all major pedestrian crossings. – Offer voluntary, free physical activity programs for staff (e.g., running groups, yoga classes, softball leagues, etc.). – Host an airport health and wellness clinic/expo that provides health screening, seminars, health and safety exhibits, flu shots, a workout pavilion, healthy cooking demos, green living ideas, exhibitors, financial health information, and more.

G-6 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Notify area police and fire departments of any road closures or heavy construction traffic. – Submit weekly reports summarizing all safety incidences as well as all events which may have resulted in an accident; include an evaluation of what steps can be taken to prevent those events in the future. – Measure and communicate healthcare cost impacts. – Provide flu shots and immunizations. – Train airport personnel to identify and stop human trafficking. – Post flyers, brochures, and/or screen public service announcements on television monitors to warn human traffickers about the harsh penalties they face and provide victims with a toll-free number to call for help and/or to report crimes. • Airport Movement Area Safety – Install an automated foreign object debris (FOD) detection system on aircraft movement areas. – Provide airfield perimeter service roads to facilitate access to all areas of the airfield without requiring the crossing of active airfield pavement. – Segregate operationally diverse facilities on the airfield to minimize mixing of different operational types (e.g., GA/student and air carrier). – Enhance lighting, signage, and/or markings to mitigate confusion and error potential in the movement area. – Provide recurrent training for all movement area drivers and require a “checkout” field exam. – Isolate construction areas from the movement area as completely as possible (barricades, fencing, signage, etc.). – Ensure adequate staffing during snow removal and/or maintenance activities to ensure continuous and coordinated contact between vehicle drivers and air traffic controllers; consider use of a command vehicle manned by an airport operations representative. – Ensure the airport’s snow removal and/or landscaping plan is coordinated with and on file with the airport traffic control tower. – Use guards to monitor all points of access between the construction area, contractor staging/operations area, and the move- ment area. – Include a placard in all vehicles (airport, tenant, service provider, other) that illustrates airfield markings and their meaning. – Ensure vehicle drivers receive appropriate training in air traffic control phraseology and intent, including airport-specific references that may be in use at a particular airport. – Define and communicate thresholds for airport movement area infractions and associated penalties (e.g., badge revocation). – Cease all construction and maintenance vehicle activities in the airport movement area during periods of low visibility. Passenger Experience • Terminal Amenities – Install an indoor hydroponic or aeroponic garden. – Install, increase, and/or improve wireless internet connectivity. – Install internet kiosks. – Provide an on-airport movie theater. – Provide in-terminal sleeping pods, napping rooms, rocking chairs, and/or transit hotels. – Provide an in-terminal sanctuary lounge. – Provide passengers with access to an on-airport pool and hot tub. – Provide passengers with access to showering facilities. – Stock bathrooms with pocket-size oral hygiene kits that contain mouthwash, dental floss, a toothbrush, and toothpaste. – Provide an in-terminal vanity area/powder room. – Provide in-line skates, bicycles, Nordic walking poles, skis, snowboards, and/or other sports equipment for rent at an airport service center. – Designate a wellness/walking path within the terminal complex. – Provide an airport fitness center and/or partner with an on-airport hotel health club to provide access for the public and/ or employees. – Offer stationary bikes that can generate energy when pedaled for users to recharge personal electronics and get a workout in. – Install an ice skating rink in the terminal made of plastic artificial ice and provide ice skates for rent.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-7 – Provide a yoga room and/or prayer/reflection room. – Use therapy dogs to comfort stressed travelers. – Install retail touchscreen kiosks where travelers can rent or buy entertainment (via download) on the go. – Install an airport observation deck/spectator terrace with a view to the airside apron and tower-to-pilot radio communica- tion available. – Plant/install a butterfly/sunflower/cactus garden and/or koi pond nature trail (non-wildlife attracting if open-air). – Welcome passengers by handing out free popcorn, a fresh-baked cookie, or other goodies. – Install an ice cream kiosk, popcorn machine, and/or a cookie kiosk. – Work with local restaurants to provide passengers with ‘a taste of the city’ featuring the local area’s most famous cuisine. – Distribute flowers to passengers on Valentine’s Day and on Mother’s Day. – Offer free local phone calls year-round (or on customer appreciation days). – Install a multistory tube slide in the terminal. – Provide an in-terminal play room for children. – Staff child play areas/rooms with “play coordinators” that host craft activities and storytelling sessions and help parents keep an eye on their kids. – Provide a private baby care room with a hot water dispenser. – Provide an entertainment zone/deck (e.g., gaming, television, ping pong, board games) for passengers. – Provide sports simulators that mimic soccer, basketball, golf, boxing, skiing, car racing, etc., for passengers to enjoy in between flights. – Provide live music performances in the terminal. – Provide live holiday/seasonal entertainment (e.g., Santa, Irish dancers, Halloween parade and trick or treating, etc.). – Host a holiday fashion market where local fashion designers and independent retailers offer unique, one-of-a-kind holiday gifts for sale including accessories, apparel and jewelry. – Offer digital versions of movies for passengers to purchase and download on a flash drive that can be watched on their laptop or tablet. – Provide an on-airport beauty salon, barber shop, massage bar, spa, reflexology, and other services. – Provide an on-airport fish spa pedicure with Garra rufa fish to pamper and entertain passengers. – Provide an in-terminal library with work stations and reading areas. – Provide a golf putting green and/or mini golf inside the terminal. – Provide guided airport tours and/or free bus tours that passengers can take during layovers and/or delays. – Provide an in-terminal dental office where passengers and employees can obtain teeth cleanings, whitening, and X-rays. – Provide wheelchairs and strollers/baby carriages for use inside the terminal (free or rental). – Rent portable DVD players to passengers. – Provide a post office box or counter with post office services and a commemorative airport ink stamp that can be impressed on postcards and letters. – Provide a pharmacy, bank and other basic public services at the airport. – Provide in-terminal shoe and luggage repair services. – Provide gift wrapping services and/or provide complimentary holiday gift wrapping. – Provide dry cleaning services in the terminal. – Take care of pets while passengers are away at an on-airport pet hotel; include an adjoining veterinarian clinic and nail clipping salon. – Designate meeting points/rendezvous plazas in the terminal with appropriate signage. • Art and Culture – Develop an airport art and culture master plan, partnering with local art districts, cultural societies, artists, educational institutions, and volunteers to identify optimal locations for exhibits, timing and display duration, and to determine appro- priate media and artists. – Provide art and cultural programs for employees and the general public. – Provide a museum and/or art gallery in the terminal. – Install a cultural display, exhibit, garden, gallery, or museum inside the terminal. – Partner with a local school or university to display artwork created by the students (preferably artwork promoting conserva- tion, use of recycled materials, and environmental awareness).

G-8 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Give children free crayons and blank post-paid postcards and ask them to mail back a picture from their travels for display in an airport gallery. • Circulation and Baggage – Hire a team of ‘airport experience agents’ to roam around the airport terminals with tablets assisting travelers with way- finding, check-in, transfers, lost luggage and other travel-related issues. – Offer expedited “1-Stop” customs processing for international passengers arriving without checked baggage. – Implement Automated Passport Control (APC) with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to help travelers move faster through the border clearance process by entering information at a self-service kiosk instead of filling out a declara- tion card. – Optimize the passenger baggage handling system. – Offer passenger check-in self-service kiosks with bag-tag printing. – Allow passengers to report a missing bag at a kiosk instead of waiting in line at a baggage service counter. – Offer bag drops where passengers can free themselves of luggage immediately upon arriving at the airport. – Encourage airlines to participate in the International Air Transport Association’s (IATA) Baggage Improvement Pro- gram (BIP). – Provide baggage storage lockers (for screened baggage). – Offer luggage delivery services for passengers where they can hire baggage agents to retrieve their checked luggage and deliver it to a destination of their choice, freeing them of luggage and avoiding time spent at baggage claim. – Allow passengers to receive their boarding pass via website. – Support the use of paperless ticket (e-ticket) technology, including bar-coded boarding passes on mobile phones. – Allow passengers to scan their travel documents at kiosks for data verification and onward transmission to government agencies (e.g., automated passport control), avoiding identity checks at check-in desks or gates. – Enable passengers to proactively handle the re-booking for cancelled or delayed flights and obtain a new boarding pass via a self-service channel (kiosk, web, and mobile phone). – Develop an airport mobile application for easy access to retail and dining options and promotions, real-time flight status, emergency alerts, terminal maps, weather and city guides, airport facilities and services, and to enable mobile payments for services like wireless internet and parking, etc. – Participate in the Transportation Security Administration’s PreCheck Program to allow low-risk travelers to experience faster, more efficient screening. – Provide an on-airport car wash valet service where cars are cleaned and ready for travelers upon their return to the airport. Stormwater Management • Erosion and Sedimentation Control – Design for and install detention basins, detention ditches, ditch checks, curb breaks, and/or other stormwater Best Manage- ment Practices (BMPs). – Install water quality swales, rain gardens, and/or constructed wetlands to control stormwater rates. – Install temporary sedimentation basins, diversion dikes, ditches, sediment traps, silt fences, and/or pipe slope drains during construction. – Achieve permanent soil stabilization in seeded areas by covering all exposed soil surfaces with vegetation (non-wildlife attracting). – Incorporate temporary and permanent soil stabilization techniques including hydro seeding, soil binders, composting and mulching. – Install rolled mats (organic, biodegradable mulch mats used to reduce erosion) and ensure that they conform to site contours. – Use natural fiber geotextiles (permeable fabrics) that are biodegradable. – Prohibit the use of chemical soil stabilizers during construction. – Use lime to increase the stability, impermeability, and load-bearing capacity of the subgrade. – Monitor construction water quality impacts by conducting sampling before and during construction, especially after sig- nificant storm events. – Install slurry walls during construction to prevent commingling of aquifers.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-9 – Locate construction vehicle entrances on stabilized, level ground and provide ample turning radii. – Grade construction vehicle entrances to prevent runoff. – Locate construction staging, lay-down areas, stockpiles, and traffic on areas that are paved or will be paved as part of the construction. • Stormwater Management, Rate and Quantity – Design projects to ensure no net increase in rate and quantity of stormwater runoff (minimize the amount of impervious surface constructed). – Build on a previously developed site. – Install permeable pavement. – Remove and recycle existing pavement that is not required or needed for future use. – Reduce flow velocities in stormwater conveyance systems to encourage settling of sediments (for later removal). – Collect and reuse stormwater for non-potable uses such as landscape irrigation and building flush systems. – Design stormwater storage and conveyance systems for the 500-year storm in areas prone to flooding and those that are projected to have increased flooding due to climate change. – Coordinate with local or city governments to determine if other properties (e.g., parks) can be used for regional stormwater infiltration to prevent flooding. • Stormwater Management, Treatment – Implement Best Management Practices outlined in the U.S. EPA’s Guidance Specifying Management for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. – Construct engineered wetlands to treat wastewater, glycol, and other chemicals and provide aesthetic benefits (off-airport and/or ensure non-wildlife attracting). – Install an on-airport stormwater collection and rain harvesting system to treat runoff prior to reuse or discharge. – Install slotted edge drains and other first flush systems connected to underground holding tanks. – Install bioswales (non-wildlife attracting) along roadways and parking areas to encourage groundwater infiltration of stormwater runoff. – Plant nitrogen-fixing vegetation in fertilized areas. – Install an on-airport sand filtration system to control storm water quality and runoff volumes. – Use water quality inlets (WQIs) to separate pollutants from the first flush of storm water (referred to as oil/grit separators or oil/water separators). • Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) – Develop and Implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). – Train on-site personnel in pollution prevention procedures and always make the Storm water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) available at the construction site for review. – Prepare a hydrology report to document typical rainfall, drainage patterns, flow rates, and runoff expected during storms. – Prepare a soil report to document drainage characteristics, soil stability, and design constraints. – Prepare a grading and drainage plan (based on hydrology and soil reports) that records slopes, areas of cut and fill, areas of soil disturbance, and protection of existing vegetation. – Store materials and waste in areas sheltered from rain and runoff. – Install a closed-loop aircraft wash rack wastewater recycling system. – Collect and recycle, or treat and properly dispose of, water used for vehicle and aircraft washing. – Install a construction sewage pre-treatment plant to avoid acidification (e.g., from concrete) before discharge in the storm- water system. • Deicing – Provide centralized and/or remote deicing/anti-icing facilities (e.g., deicing pads) with drainage infrastructure to capture and segregate deicing runoff. – Use sweeper-vacuums, glycol recovery vehicles (GRVs), and/or “mobile collection units” to remove (and potentially reuse) spent deicing/anti-icing fluid. – Collect excess glycol in permanent or temporary tanks for recycling, treatment, and/or disposal. – Use deicing materials that have a low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). – Install electronic and/or hydronic heated pavement systems to control snow accumulation. – Install a glycol epoxy overcoat on pavement surfaces.

G-10 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Train employees on deicing fluid storage and handling, deicing procedures, spill response and prevention, and stormwater pollution prevention. – Block storm drains during deicing/anti-icing operations to prevent contamination of stormwater runoff. – Clearly designate aircraft deicer/anti-icer storage and transfer areas. – Store deicing/anti-icing materials indoors or in a sheltered area away from direct traffic routes to prevent spills. – Keep deicing/anti-icing spill response equipment in locations easily accessible to and near areas where spills may occur. – Perform and document frequent inspections of storm drains, deicer application equipment, deicer runoff controls, and storage tanks; perform maintenance as required. – Use forced air/hybrid deicing that adds deicing fluid to the air stream to aid in breaking loose snow and ice. – Use infrared energy to deice aircraft. – Perform initial deicing using hot water at a temperature of at least 60 degrees Celsius or 140 degrees Fahrenheit; an anti- icing fluid is then applied before the water freezes. – Purchase and install enclosed deicing buckets on deicing vehicles (or as part of centralized deicing facilities), protecting operators from exposure to deicing fluid and encouraging deicing closer to the aircraft. – Install Holdover Time Determination Systems (HOTDS) to record measurements of winter conditions and calculate deicing/ anti-icing fluid holdover time. – Track the volume of aircraft deicers and anti-icers used to identify procedures to improve, help analyze and design deicing management systems, and enhance compliance with regulatory requirements. – Use Tempered Steam Technology (TST) to defrost or pre-deice aircraft. – Clear snow accumulation from aircraft deicing areas prior to deicing operations to prevent contamination. – Dispose deicer-laden stormwater to publicly owned off-site treatment works that use biological processes to break down glycols and other organic constituents of deicing runoff. – Install an on-site biological/natural treatment system to treat deicing/anti-icing runoff to concentrations acceptable for discharge to surface waters or the sanitary sewer. – Use membrane filtration to separate larger deicing/anti-icing molecules from smaller water molecules, increasing the con- centration of the (reject) stream and separating it from the dilute (permeate) stream. – Use recovered glycol as a “feedstock” for reformulated aircraft deicing fluid (after meeting SAE AMS 1424 specifications), vehicle anti-freeze, aircraft lavatory fluid, coolants, coatings, paints, and plastics. – Use beet juice made from the carbohydrate extract of sugar beets or molasses to deice sidewalks, parking lots, and roadways. Water Efficiency • Water Use Reduction – Educate maintenance staff, employees, passengers, and tenants on water conservation strategies. – Develop a baseline water consumption level and track and report on water use data and cost savings compared to the baseline. – Install metering networks to facilitate accurate measurement of water use. – Install an on-site wastewater treatment plant. – Install motion sensors on sink faucets. – Install water-conserving aerators on faucets and showerheads. – Install pressure-assisted toilets. – Install dual-flush toilets. – Install waterless or water-efficient urinals. – Install water-efficient pre-rinse spray valves (used in commercial kitchens to remove food waste from dishes prior to dishwashing). – Use low-volume, high pressure sprayer nozzles on water hoses used for vehicle washing. – Install cisterns to capture rainwater from roofs for irrigation. – Recycle used non-potable water for landscaping, machine washing, urinal and toilet flushing, custodial uses, etc. to the extent allowed by the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. – Incorporate reclaimed graywater collection and reuse in building design.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-11 – Reclaim water used during aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) training exercises for landscaping or other non- potable uses. – Use pulsed-power electromagnetic water treatment, ultraviolet treatment, or ozone treatment for the cooling tower water. – Use reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration to process waste water. – Use tank-less (instantaneous) hot water heaters. – Provide training for employees and signage for facility users instructing them on how they can reduce water use. – Limit steam cleaning and high pressure washing of vehicles and equipment. • Innovative Wastewater Technologies – Test and repair water supply and wastewater conveyances to conserve water and stop leaks. – Use an external NoFoam unit/kit for aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) vehicles and for application on aircraft hangar foam-water suppression systems. Ground Transportation • Public Transportation – Provide direct, safe access to an existing or planned and funded commuter rail or subway/elevated train station. – Provide direct, safe access to bus stops usable by airport passengers, employees, and construction workers. – Financially contribute to the greening and/or expansion of the mass transit systems which serve the airport. – Provide subsidized train and/or bus passes to employees and construction workers. – Provide a transportation plan to and from the construction site. – Provide employees with directions to public transportation facilities. – Install covered and heated (if applicable) waiting areas for public transportation stops at the airport. – Provide public transportation information displays, schedules, and ticket vending machines in the baggage claim area. – Prepare a smart growth plan that considers mixed land uses, compact building design, walkable neighborhoods, a strong sense of place, preservation of open space, directing development toward existing communities, public transportation choices, and community and stakeholder collaboration. – Select public transportation accessible venues/hotels (with directions provided). – Provide a centralized, consolidated rental car facility with connection to the airport transit system. – Provide a Centralized Intermodal Ground Transportation Center. – Operate satellite ‘check-in’ facilities (downtown and suburban locations) to minimize congestion on terminal access roads. – Communicate with local and regional transit authorities to advance multiple transit connection opportunities. – Provide a temporary parking area for vehicles waiting to pick up passengers (such as a cell phone lot). – Provide a remote curb location outside of the terminal core (such as a ‘Kiss-n-Fly’ drop-off). – Use an off-site delivery consolidation center to reduce delivery traffic. • Bicycle Access/Usage – Provide safe bicycle lanes and walking paths to and from the airport and to nearby commercial office, retail, and hotel zones. – Provide secure bicycle racks and/or storage near the building entrance and at construction staging locations. – Provide shower and changing facilities. – Install signage to ensure bikes remain visible and maintain an image of “bikes belong here.” – Encourage transit agencies to provide bicycle friendly buses and trains. – Participate in a bike sharing program. • Parking Capacity – Provide incentives such as rebates and/or preferred parking for staff vanpools/carpools. – Provide infrastructure and support programs to facilitate shared vehicle usage such as carpool drop-off areas, car-share services, ride boards, and shuttle services to mass transit. – Support the implementation of vanpooling services for all airport agencies and vendors. – Coordinate carpooling to construction sites (set up schedules and incentives based on locations). – Bus construction workers into the construction site from consolidated vehicle parking/staging areas to reduce security checkpoint delays and emissions from individual riders and vehicle idling. – Provide incentives for shared rides in taxis.

G-12 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Increasing transit ridership among employees by implementing programs such as transit awareness day, guaranteed ride home, etc. – Encourage telecommuting and off-site work. – Support the use of flexible or non-traditional work hours by airport agencies and vendors. • Alternative Fuel Vehicles – Purchase, operate and maintain alternatively fueled, electric, and hybrid vehicles. – Replace conventional gasoline-based equipment with alternative fuel based equipment, including biodiesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid electric, fuel cell, hydrogen, or liquid petroleum gas (LPG). – Use alternatively fueled and/or hybrid construction vehicles. – Provide airport employees with access to a hybrid and/or alternatively fueled vehicle sharing program. – Provide incentives for hybrid and/or alternatively fueled vehicle purchases/conversions. – Use alternatively fueled ground support equipment (GSE), generators, and shuttle buses. – Provide preferred parking and/or discounted parking rates for hybrid and/or alternatively fueled vehicles. – Develop preferred parking and/or lot locations for rental fleets that offer alternatively fueled rental vehicles. – Install biodiesel and ethanol fuel refueling stations. – Install electric vehicle charging stations. – Install compressed natural gas (CNG) refueling stations. – Transport visitors and passengers between parking lots and terminals using electric golf carts. • Reduced Vehicle Idling – Develop a reduced vehicle idling plan. – Turn off vehicle engines if they will be left idle for more than three minutes (or other airport-specified time limit). – Issue notices or fines to vehicle operators who leave vehicles idle for excessive periods. – Ensure that no vehicle idling occurs within 100 feet of a sensitive receptor area, such as air intakes. – Post no-idling signs. – Install idling reduction technologies. – Install automatic engine start/stop technology that reduces idling but maintains engine oil temperature. – Provide a commercial vehicle holding area. – Implement an on-demand system for taxi management. – Purchase and install vehicle air fresheners, placards, stickers, and/or decals (non-toxic) that promote and remind vehicle operators of a “no-idling” or “engines off” campaign. – Provide training and post flyers to encourage eco-friendly driving habits. • Roadway Design – Design roadways to meet long life pavement design criteria. – Use asphalt containing recycled tires and/or roofing shingles. – Design roadway lanes for use by high occupancy vehicles (HOVs), including appropriate turning lane dimensions. – Use warm-mix asphalt instead of hot mix asphalt. – Use at least 50 percent recycled aggregate in roadbase materials. – Use at least 25 percent recycled aggregate in cement or asphalt bound pavement materials. – Use at least 25 percent replacement of Portland cement with suitable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in all concrete pavements, curbs and gutters, and sidewalks. – Specify the use of blended (ASTM C595) and/or Performance Specified (ASTM C1157) cements for all Portland cement concrete pavements, sidewalks, and curbs and gutters. – Reduce the total Portland cement content to a maximum of 470 pounds per cubic yard for all pavements, sidewalks, and curbs and gutters. Landscape and Exterior Design • Landscaping – Develop and implement sustainable landscaping guidelines/specifications that require plantings to be low-maintenance, drought resistant, and native species that are non-wildlife attracting.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-13 – Contact the local U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) county extension agent for suggestions on plantings to reduce water consumption, lower maintenance costs, enhance aesthetics, etc. – Substitute vegetated surfaces (non-wildlife attracting) for impervious surfaces. – Plant trees and other vegetation (non-wildlife attracting) to retain stormwater and shade dark-colored impervious surfaces. – Minimize disturbed landscape areas and keep pre-existing topography, terrain, trees and vegetation (non-wildlife attract- ing) intact whenever feasible. – Require the contractor(s) to develop a plan to protect existing vegetation during all construction activities. – Protect vegetation from damage due to run-off or spillage during mixing and placement of construction materials using temporary fencing, barricades, and guards. – Use clean-cut or trenchless technology when installing utility conduits to minimize surface disruption; tunnel under or around tree roots by hand digging or boring. – Purchase off-site, prefabricated assemblies to avoid the need for on-site fabrication equipment. – Require that all vegetation that has to be removed be chipped for on-site mulching or composting (if the plant or tree can- not be relocated, sold, or donated intact). – Collect grass clippings for composting or mulching or set the lawn mower to release (rather than bag) clippings. – Donate healthy plants and trees removed during construction to the community. – Donate money to an organization that plants trees/vegetation to offset impacts to existing vegetation. – Install artificial turf to reduce maintenance labor and traffic, the presence of hazardous wildlife and foreign object debris, to accommodate emergency response, and to enhance pilot recognition of non-movement areas. – Specify non-toxic fertilizer and maintenance materials for initial plant establishment. – Spot treat landscape problem areas instead of chemically treating a larger area than necessary. – Provide structured parking in lieu of paved surface lots to reduce stormwater runoff and the heat island effect. – Use pavement materials that have a high Solar Reflectance Index (at least 29). • Water Efficient Landscaping – Perform a soil and climate analysis to determine the appropriate landscape strategy. – Install a high-efficiency slow-drip, sub-soil irrigation system (if irrigation is a necessity) that uses non-potable water and has an automated linkage to meteorological data. – Top-dress plant root zones and soil with mulch and compost to decrease fertilizer needs, retain moisture, and control erosion. • Vegetation and Wildlife Management – Develop a wildlife hazard control plan. – Develop and implement an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan. – Establish a non-toxic wildlife control program. – Install an avian radar system to improve aviation safety, security surveillance, environmental management, weather detec- tion, and wind measurement. – Use falconry to control bird activity. – Maintain (i.e., mow) airfield sites to prevent use by wildlife that is hazardous to aircraft. – Use electric lawn mowers to reduce the level of noise and air pollution generated by traditional gasoline-powered mowers. – Use organic or bio-based fertilizers and pesticides if landscape treatment is necessary. – Use non-potable hot water (heated to 210 degrees Fahrenheit/94 degrees Celsius) to kill vegetation in pavement cracks instead of herbicides. – Control vegetation using grazing animals. – Avoid the creation of natural open water features on or near airfield sites that attract wildlife. – Use perforated underground drains/drain pipe or dry wells to provide infiltration without creating inundated areas that may attract hazardous wildlife. – Install bird deterrent wires or other mechanisms to prevent waterfowl from using area water bodies. • Heat Islands—Roofing – Install vegetated green roofs. – Install high reflectance/high albedo roofing materials with a high solar reflectance index (SRI). – Install a Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) rated roof product or an Energy Star cool roof with equivalent reluctance and emittance properties.

G-14 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Apply high reflectance coating to the surface of a conventional roof membrane. – Utilize a combination of vegetated and high albedo roof surfaces. – Use advanced satellite imagery to create a map that identifies hot spots at the airport where urban heat island reduction strategies will have the greatest impact. • Light Pollution Reduction – Model the site lighting using a computer model to establish a baseline level and evaluate benefits. – Meet or provide lower light levels and uniformity ratios than those recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for Exterior Environments (RP-33-99). – Monitor lighting systems regularly to maintain proper illumination and minimize lighting where possible (maintain light use for safety, access, and building identification). – Adopt strict site lighting criteria to maintain appropriate light levels while avoiding off-site lighting and night-sky pollution; update lighting criteria periodically in conjunction with seasonal daylight fluctuations. – Focus light toward the earth to minimize night-sky pollution. – Limit lighting in protected ecological areas to mitigate lighting impacts on wildlife. – Utilize full cutoff luminaries, low-reflectance, non-specular surfaces and low-angle spotlights for roadway and building lighting. – Develop greenbelts along the airport perimeter as an attractive light and noise buffer between the airport and the community. – Use High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps instead of Metal Halide (MH) lamps. – Install low-temperature fluorescents and/or solar powered fixtures for exterior lighting. – Use high frequency electronic ballasts with fluorescent 2, 4, and 8-foot Tubular lamps that do not contain mercury. – Install self-dimming fluorescent lamp ballasts. – Install recyclable lamps and provide recycling information for all luminaries. – Establish a schedule for when construction lighting is required and develop a policy to reduce lighting when not needed. Energy Efficiency and Atmosphere • Commissioning – Develop and utilize a systems commissioning plan. – Engage a commissioning team that does not include individuals directly responsible for project design or construction management to evaluate both building and site systems as part of the commissioning plan. – Identify an individual to lead the commissioning process early on. – Establish and follow commissioning requirements to ensure optimal performance of the following systems: central build- ing automation; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment; lighting controls and sensors; site lighting; refrigeration systems; vertical transport; building envelope; emergency power generators and automatic transfer switching; uninterruptible power supply; life safety (i.e., fire alarms); Egress pressurization; lightning protection, domestic and process water pumping and mixing; sound control; data and communications; paging; security; irrigation; and plumbing. – Establish and follow systems commission requirements for runway lighting and illuminated signage, runway navigational aids, runway site lighting systems, traffic signals, pump stations, and oil/water separators. – Incorporate commissioning requirements into construction documents. – Complete a systems commissioning report that contains the information required for recommissioning and provide it to the airport owner in a single manual. – Recommission energy systems when building energy usage deviates from the planned energy usage or as part of any build- ing modification or addition. – Include airport facility operators and users in design teams to ensure installed equipment is used as intended (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems). – Acquire manufacturer documentation and guarantee of installations, projected results, and in-situ performance criteria to compare to standard performance results as part of systems commissioning. • Energy Performance – Meet or exceed the local Energy Conservation Code. – Design buildings and site systems to comply with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999. – Develop a Strategic Energy Management Plan using input from maintenance staff.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-15 – Perform a baseline energy audit and conduct and implement recommendations from an energy audit periodically (e.g., every four years). – Use a computer simulation model to assess energy performance and identify the most cost effective energy measures. – Install a motor efficiency controller in escalators and automated people movers/moving walkways to reduce energy consumption. – Develop and implement a Lighting System Energy Conservation Program. – Specify energy efficiency requirements for equipment in contract agreements. – Develop energy performance contracting partnerships. – Utilize compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs in lieu of incandescent lamps. – Organize lighting circuitry and building systems so that individual areas are separately controlled. – Implement a “turn off your light and computer” campaign to raise awareness about unnecessary energy usage. – Integrate occupancy sensors with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. – Install occupancy sensors, either infrared (heat detection), ultrasonic (movement detection), or a combination of both, to control lighting in areas that are intermittently occupied (i.e., rest rooms, storage areas, stairwells, etc.). – Install large revolving doors to create an air lock and reduce heat transfer. – Minimize air infiltration through all exterior openings during heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. – Group flights in a certain part of the concourse during nonpeak hours, allowing the airport to shut off air conditioning and lighting in unused areas. – Design aircraft gates and hold rooms for common use, requiring airlines to use the same passenger processing system, displays, baggage handling, and baggage claim system. – Design aircraft remain overnight areas for common use (e.g., so they can serve as cargo ramps during the day and airline parking at night). – Install large electrical cables (larger than required by the National Electric Code) to decrease the cable resistance and reduce energy loss during transmission. – Install cogeneration or trigeneration systems. – Install energy peak shaving units to offset higher demand periods and costs. – Install an on-airport power generation system. – Install an anaerobic digester. – Install LED (light-emitting diode) lighting and signals. – Install a building automation system (BAS). – Install daylight harvesting control systems, optimize lighting controls, and integrate lighting systems with building auto- mation systems. – Install thermally efficient/high performance glazing and window systems. – Apply thermochromic coatings on buildings. – Improve insulation of the building envelope. – Enhance insulation of the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) distribution piping system. – Convert old steam heating systems to modern hot water heating systems (preferably passive solar water heating systems). – Evaluate and upgrade the central plant and distribution system equipment. – Install direct-drive equipment instead of belt- or gear-driven heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment. – Install an indirect evaporative and/or evaporative condensing direct expansion (DX) heating, ventilation, and air condi- tioning (HVAC) system instead of chilled water plant system. – Establish airside lighting controls and procedures to turn off or reduce the intensity of airside lighting (runway, taxiway and apron lights and navigational aids) when not being used. – Enable pilot controlled lighting for aircraft landing during off-peak hours so that airfield lighting can be turned off at night. – Use light colored paints and interiors to reflect lighting. – Install interior and exterior shading devices/strategies to filter daylight and control glare (e.g., shades, louvers, blinds, awnings/overhangs, vegetation, etc.). – Plant coniferous trees (non-wildlife attracting) to block winter winds from entering indoor areas. – Install centralized pre-conditioned air (PCA) and ground power systems (400 Hz) for gated aircraft. – Include a requirement for pre-conditioned air units in all bid documents for terminal and gate design and renovation projects.

G-16 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Develop, implement, and enforce a policy to minimize the use of auxiliary power units at gates where pre-conditioned air (PCA) and gate power are available. – Use infrared imaging during construction to identify issues with thermal leaks from buildings. – Use variable-air-volume air conditioning systems to reduce energy use during peak-use conditions. – Install energy-efficient chillers. – Integrate high performance chillers with thermal ice storage to reduce electrical demand use and costs during the cooling season. – Use absorption cooling which employs lower cost fuels such as steam, natural gas, or high-temperature waste heat, to drive the absorption refrigeration process. – Use Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) motors to control the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor. – Install U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR labeled products. – Install gas-fired (instead of electric) kitchen equipment, such as ovens, booster heaters, and grills, that ignites electronically instead of using pilot lights. – Connect monitors, printers, and other accessories to a power strip/surge protector. Turn off the power strip to prevent them from drawing power (even when shut off) when they are not in use. – Unplug cell phone chargers, fans, coffeemakers, desktop printers, radios, and other equipment that drains energy even when not in use. – Turn off computer monitors if they are not going to be used for more than 20 minutes (a small surge in energy occurs when a monitor starts up). – Turn off both the computer central processing unit and monitor if the computer is not going to be used for more than two hours (a small surge in energy occurs when a computer starts up). – Select a power-down or “sleep mode” feature on the computer central processing unit and monitor. – Do not use computer screen savers since they consume more energy than not using one and/or they may disable power- down or “sleep mode” features. – Purchase and use printers and fax machines that have power-down or standby features. • Measurement and Verification – Develop a measurement and verification plan. – Track and control energy use using metering/monitoring devices and energy management control systems. – Install tenant energy sub-metering systems. – Use a maintenance log to track energy use processes, problems, and ideas. – Report energy savings after implementing energy reduction strategies for use as a marketing mechanism, to set/accomplish energy goals, manage strategies, etc. – Conduct comprehensive training of all staff that covers all aspects of building operations and maintenance. – Include operations and maintenance staff in building design meetings, commissioning, and testing and balancing activities to capture their perspective and ideas. • CFC, HFC, and HCFC Reduction – Replace existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment that uses chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydro- fluorocarbon (HFC), and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants. – Use evaporative cooling. – Install leak-detection systems and maintain equipment frequently to detect leaks. • Renewable and Alternative Energy – Conduct an alternative renewable energy feasibility study (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal) to determine the optimal size, type, location, and the cost of installing and operating an alternative renewable energy system. – Use collected snow to chill the liquid used in the airport’s cooling system in the summer. – Buy and sell Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) or carbon credits. – Purchase “Green Power” from a local energy provider to fund renewable energy research, development, production, and use. – Enter into a public-private partnership to construct and operate a renewable energy system. – Install solar trash compactors along curbfonts and in remote areas. – Install solar photovoltaic panels on buildings and/or at ground level. – Install solar-thermal powered water heaters.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-17 – Install solar thermal storage systems (e.g., solar Trombe walls) for passive solar heating. – Install solar-powered roadway signs and parking lot lights. – Install geothermal heating and cooling systems. – Utilize sewer heat recovery systems. – Utilize wind power. – Utilize hydroelectric and/or tidal power. – Utilize coal gasification to convert low-value fuels and residuals into a synthesis gas. – Investigate energy tax credits, rebates, and grants by local utilities or federal, state, or local agencies. – Utilize fuel cells. – Utilize biofuels in facilities and appropriate vehicles. Indoor Environmental Quality • Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control – Develop and implement an Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) control plan. – Prohibit smoking in the public areas of buildings. – Locate exterior designated smoking areas away from entries and operable windows. – Designate privately leased spaces (such as cargo areas) as non-smoking. – Prohibit smoking within structures under construction and restrict smoking on-site during construction. – Provide a designated exterior smoking area (protected from the elements) that is sufficiently distant from construction activities. – Install a designated smoking room designed to effectively contain, capture, and remove Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) from the building using a separate ventilation system (if an interior smoking room is necessary). – Establish zero exposure of non-smokers to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring – Provide for real-time control of terminal unit air flow rates and total outdoor air flow rates based on carbon dioxide levels. – Install a permanent carbon dioxide monitoring system that provides feedback on space ventilation performance. – Voluntarily install air quality monitoring stations and track and publish data. – Design heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems with carbon dioxide monitoring sensors in each space and integrate these sensors with the building automation system (BAS). – Use bees and honey from an on-airport apiary to biomonitor the air quality at the airport. • Ventilation – Design buildings for optimum natural ventilation. – Locate air intakes away from contaminants such as loading areas, exhaust fans, and cooling towers. – Utilize carbon or electrostatic filters, or other particulate control technologies. – Install air diffusers for all mechanically ventilated spaces. – Design building ventilation systems that result in an air change effectiveness (eac) greater than or equal to 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997. – Use displacement ventilation, which introduces cool air into a zone at low velocity, to increase air change effectiveness. – Use low-face velocity coils and filters to reduce energy loss through air delivery system components. – Clean or change furnace filters once a month during the heating season. – Increase air movement in facilities by using ceiling fans. – Install trickle ventilators (small ‘openers’ concealed within a window or curtainwall’s horizontal members) that allow fresh air to ‘trickle’ into the building without the need for operating windows or sliding doors. – Install relief vents or operable skylights in cargo and other applicable facilities to provide stack effect natural ventilation. – Install remote monitoring systems to detect Jet A vapors. • Low-Emitting Materials – Use zero- or low-volatile organic compound (VOC) adhesives and sealants; consider using water-based sealants which contain no VOCs and can be used on porous or nonporous surfaces. – Do not use fluorescent, compact fluorescent, and LED (light-emitting diode) lights that contain mercury (as well as electri- cal switches and thermostats).

G-18 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Use zero- or low-volatile organic compound (VOC) paints and coatings. – Specify low-volatile organic compound (VOC) carpet systems and/or require that VOC emissions meet or exceed the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program. – Require that composite wood and agrifiber carpet systems must contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. – Install volatile organic compound-free natural linoleum flooring, recycled glass tile, or ceramic tile. – Do not install vinyl flooring with high polyvinyl chloride (PVC) content. – Vacuum heavily trafficked areas daily using equipment with powerful suction and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration bag. – Perform carpet extraction cleaning every 6 to 12 months, preferably with hot water or steam. – Ensure that all shop finished material meet volatile organic compound (VOC) emission requirements. • Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control – Install separate exhaust and plumbing systems in spaces that are known to use or contain chemicals and hazardous products. – Prohibit the indoor use of combustion engine-based devices without direct exterior exhaust and make-up air. – Use non-absorptive flooring and walls. – Install indoor toxic-absorptive vegetation (e.g., green walls). – Remove all equipment containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB). – Design buildings to minimize pollutant cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas. – Provide segregated areas with separate outside exhaust at a rate of at least 0.50 cubic feet per minute per square foot, no air re-circulation, and maintain a negative pressure where chemical use occurs. – Install drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of liquid waste in spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs. – Install permanent architectural entryway systems such as grills or grates (preferably over six feet long) to prevent occupant- borne contaminants from entering the building. – Hire a contractor to regularly clean mats that track dirt from occupants entering the building if installing a grate or grill is not practical. – Identify all hazardous products or processes. – Install air-tight electrical boxes to minimize air leakage. – Ensure proper ventilations, such as fume hoods, for activities that produce hazardous gasses. – Design central locations in terminal and office buildings for storage of concentrated cleaning chemicals and other pollut- ant sources. – Provide water and electricity utility outlets for cleaning. – Use biodegradable soap in aircraft and vehicle wash areas. – Specify environmentally friendly cleaning products and processes for installed systems and products in operation and maintenance manuals. • Controllability – Install operable windows in areas that are not noise-sensitive. – Install task lighting or more light switching zones in offices areas. – Install under floor air distribution systems with individual diffusers (controllable outlets) in office areas. – Provide controls for each individual in office spaces for airflow, temperature and lighting of the occupied space, and for the occupants in non-perimeter, regularly occupied areas. – Integrate micro switches of operable windows with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. – Use direct digital control systems for greater accuracy, flexibility, and operator interface compared to pneumatic systems. • Thermal Comfort – Install a temperature and humidity monitoring system that provides operators with control over thermal comfort perfor- mance and humidification and/or dehumidification systems. – Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions, including humidity control within established ranges per climate zone. – Install air curtains at building entrances. – Provide areas with varying indoor conditions in terminals, allowing passengers to choose an area with conditions that best match their needs.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-19 • Daylight and Views – Install natural skylights to reduce daylight lighting requirements. – Design the building with a shallow floor plate (more rectangular than square), aligning the east-west axis so that the southern sun will penetrate deeper into the building. – Coordinate daylight strategies with electrical lighting scenarios and the building automation system (BAS). – Install photo-integrated light sensors to dim artificial lights when daylight penetrating the building is sufficient. – Install window tinting film to minimize heat and air conditioning loss, reduce glare, increase privacy, protect installed materials from the sun’s ultraviolet rays, and prevent injury and damage from broken glass. – Use a daylighting model or calculations to assess foot-candle levels and daylight factors achieved. – Achieve a Daylight Factor of at least 25 footcandles (excluding all direct sunlight penetration) in 75 percent of all regularly occupied areas. – Achieve direct line of sight to vision glazing for building occupants in 90 percent of all regularly occupied spaces. – Design partitioned offices in the center of floor plans with windows so that more daylighting and views can be achieved. – Use open workstation cubicles or cubical walls lower than four feet. Climate Change • Adaptation – Develop a strategic plan (e.g., climate action plan) for addressing climate change, addressing reduction of greenhouse gasses and adapting to projected future climate scenarios. – Perform a climate change vulnerability assessment of airport land and buildings. – Integrate sea level rise flood scenarios into the regional aviation strategic plan process. – Create a heat response plan, focusing on vulnerable travelers (e.g., the elderly). – Prepare a watershed plan with the water reclamation district that factors in projected climate changes. – Install backup power for sump pumps. – Provide an emergency inventory of portable pumps, generators, temporary flood gates, and sandbags. – Plan for and advertising extended concessionaire hours to accommodate stranded passengers. – Implement hardening and protection techniques for areas with low shorelines and adaptive management procedures for sites vulnerable to sea level rise. – Determine which nearby major roadways and airport access roads are prone to flooding and identify backup routes for airport/airline staff and emergency personnel to safely reach the airport. – Increase the airport’s snow removal and deicing equipment inventory to account for an increased likelihood of winter precipitation associated with climate change (where applicable). – Plant foliage and trees (non-wildlife attracting) that can survive in warmer environments. – Educate travelers on the impact of climate change, including impacts on individual lives and how to respond, using displays, commercials, and art exhibits. Facility Operations • Maintenance – Write and follow a maintenance plan that evaluates each system component and incorporates the proper maintenance strategy to minimize unnecessary maintenance while maximizing system up-time. – Develop a comprehensive operation and maintenance (O&M) manual, including record logs, for all systems and operations. – Use a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) to streamline the management of operations and main- tenance programs. – Determine the required maintenance procedures prior to installing or purchasing equipment, paying specific attention to disposal requirements and impacts to indoor environmental quality. – Perform all aircraft, vehicle, and equipment maintenance indoors, where possible. – Perform outdoor maintenance in a designated area paved with impervious concrete located at least 50 feet from any storm drain inlet.

G-20 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Design drains in aircraft and vehicle maintenance areas to discharge to the sanitary sewer and not the stormwater system. Floor drains should discharge into an oil/water separator that is periodically pumped and the oil processed for recycling. – Maintain and locate Spill Control Kits in areas readily accessible to all maintenance areas. – Have the building service contractors provide a monthly log that documents the collection, storage and disposal of recyclable materials. – Have the building service contractors provide a monthly log of all of the materials used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). – Review engineering standards for building equipment subject to periodic maintenance or replacement (air handler motors and belts, pumps and valves, luminaries, switches, etc.) to identify potential durability upgrades that would reduce life cycle maintenance costs. – Specify more durable, longer lasting materials and finishes to extend material life and reduce maintenance requirements. – Provide a full set of design and construction documentation to system operators so they can maintain the equipment as the manufacturer recommends. – Install heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and ductwork products that can be easily cleaned and that protect against dust, microbial growth, and fiber shredding. – Install ultraviolet-C (UVC) lights in air handling units for continuous coil cleaning. – Consider ease of maintenance when designing lighting systems. • Brownfield/Contaminated Site Redevelopment – Develop a Brownfield Prevention Program for the airport to implement strategies that prevent pollution and minimize waste generation. – Develop on a site documented as contaminated by an All Appropriate Inquiry (AAI) (or an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Envi- ronmental Site Assessment) OR classified as a Brownfield by a local state and federal government agency OR is listed as a contaminated site by local or state regulatory agencies to reduce pressure on undeveloped land. – Enter into the state’s voluntary Site Remediation Program (if applicable) that offers a No Further Remediation (NFR) Letter. – Pursue tax incentives, government grants, property tax savings, and legal protections for development in a Brownfield (examples include the Expedited Remedial Action Program and Prospective Purchase Agreements). • Exterior Air Quality – Participate in a climate registry to calculate, verify, and publicly report greenhouse gas emissions. – Purchase carbon offsets. – Install carbon-offset kiosks where passengers can purchase offsets for their flight and discover the environmental impact of their flight. – Purchase materials, goods, and equipment from local sources. – Apply for Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program (VALE) funding for inter- modal connections, underground fuel hydrants, alternatively fueled vehicles, etc. – Install an intra-terminal people-mover system from remote parking lots, rental car facilities, employee parking, etc. to reduce emissions and roadway traffic. – Encourage rental car facilities to use ‘ready/return’ systems. – Enhance airport campus overhead signage and roadway marking/painting (e.g., terminal entrance, parking lots, rental car return). – Install fuel vapor recovery systems to limit the escape of gasoline vapors, reducing emissions and conserving liquid gasoline. – Install and provide direct access to an underground fuel hydrant system at all aircraft gates. – Develop a vehicle inspection program to ensure vehicles are properly maintained and pollution control devices are in place. – Monitor bus/commercial vehicle performance, routes, and frequencies through an Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) system to verify performance and fuel economy. – Improve the fuel efficiency of taxis by requiring lighter/smaller advertisement display boards. – Skew parking fees based on carbon; charge higher fees for single occupancy vehicles (SOVs) and lower fees for high occu- pancy vehicles (HOVs), alternatively fueled vehicles, and hybrid vehicles. – Install additional lanes and booths at parking structures. – Install ‘pay on foot’ parking machines. – Install a “smart park” system to efficiently utilize garage capacity and reduce emissions from excessive spot searching. – Install high-speed or rapid exit taxiways to reduce aircraft taxi distances.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-21 – Implement a ground management program, leveraging airport surface surveillance data and airline schedules to better manage the taxi-out process, reduce taxi times, and improve efficiency. – Design airfield geometry (or reposition runway and taxiway hold lines) such that aircraft idling in the departure queue and ground run-up areas are directed away from surrounding sensitive areas. – Encourage aircraft to taxi with less than all engines operating, where appropriate. – Encourage aircraft to taxi at idle power or a specified minimum power threshold. – Use ground support equipment (GSE) tugs to move aircraft. – Use an aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) training facility to conduct firefighting training exercises. – Use propane fuel for the aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) training center simulation burners instead of conventional gasoline (use a mobile aircraft fire fighting training device (MAFTD)). • Noise – Conduct a noise modeling study. – Develop and implement a noise abatement plan. – Work with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to enable continuous descent arrivals to reduce emissions and noise. – Use area navigation (RNAV) procedures to reduce noise on surrounding land uses. – Install a Noise-Monitoring System (NMS). – Produce a Fly Quiet Report which scores and awards airport operators. – Start a community noise roundtable to help respond to noise issues. – Track and respond to all noise complaints. – Track noise complaints using a geographic information system (GIS) to better identify where noise problems are occurring surrounding the airport. – Develop and implement a residential sound insulation program for residential units located in areas exposed to substantial aircraft noise. – Develop and implement a school sound insulation program if any schools are located within areas exposed to substantial aircraft noise. – Maintain a community noise resource website. – Install acoustical silencers, barriers, and earthen berms. – Implement a Preferential Runway Use Policy to minimize noise exposure over sensitive land uses when possible. – Encourage airlines to limit the use of aircraft engine reverse thrust after landing (when runway length, pilot judgment, and weather/visibility considerations are optimal). – Establish an aggressive land acquisition program to prevent noise-sensitive land use encroachment and preserve green spaces. – Work with local realtors to ensure accurate communication of noise levels to home buyers (e.g., real estate disclosures). – Replace noisier vehicles and equipment with quieter units. – Install mufflers on vehicles and construction equipment. – Wrap exterior heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) duct work with sound deadening materials. – Install a ground run-up enclosure. – Designate specific areas on the airfield for aircraft engine run-up operations (pre-flight and maintenance and pre-flight engine checks). – Locate mechanical equipment and other sources of noise away from areas of occupancy. – Orient the building so that glazed surfaces are not directed toward noise. – Install acoustical ceiling tiles, flooring and walls. – Install double-pane windows. – Use laminated glazing to reduce noise transmission. Materials and Resources • Waste Reduction – Develop and implement an Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. – Start or enhance a waste reduction or recycling program that includes employees, passengers, and concessions.

G-22 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Develop and implement a Green Concessions Policy. – Provide educational training on waste reduction. – Participate in a “waste-to-profit” network to identify by-product synergy and material reuse opportunities. – Provide food waste collection bins to separate food waste from normal waste. – Utilize food waste for composting (off-airport only), biofuels, livestock feed, waste to energy, and other uses. – Donate surplus food to charity. – Establish mandates, incentives, and/or inspections to encourage tenants to support composting programs. – Design waste management to comply with ASTM E2129-05 and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Green Pur- chasing Guidelines. – Conduct a waste composition study (an audit of waste streams) to identify the most common types and amount of waste collected. – Work with tenants and contractors to provide recycling data and to establish monitoring and reporting techniques. – Install Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs) to decrease waste, optimize energy performance, and reduce impacts from construction. – Develop an inventory list of space allocation, infrastructure and equipment needed to facilitate waste reduction and recycling. – Require concessionaires to minimize packaging. – Require vendors to eliminate plastic from their service items and packaging. – Set up annual or bi-annual clean-up events to collect bulky, non-hazardous items from tenants, airlines, and airport employees for recycling, donation, or disposal. – Require airport businesses to use fabric/reusable bags, biodegradable bags, and/or paper bags instead of plastic bags. – Recycle used restaurant grease to manufacture biofuel. – Recycle coffee grounds as mulch. – Use recycled coffee grounds, flour, chili powder, cinnamon, peppermint, and/or black pepper for ant control. – Utilize worm boxes in kitchens to reduce leftover food waste. – Use reusable coffee/tea mugs, glasses, and water bottles. – Use biodegradable plates and cutlery. – Install automatic hand towel dispensers in restrooms. – Install efficient next-generation hand dryers instead of conventional dryers or paper towels. – Change soap dispensers to units that dispense soap foam instead of liquid soap. – Implement a toilet paper roll repurposing (re-rolling) program. – Switch from normal toilet paper rolls to coreless (no cardboard core) toilet paper rolls. – Replace conventional vehicle motor oil filters with reusable oil filters. – Install bypass motor oil filters. – Reuse or donate existing furniture. • Office Waste Reduction – Minimize the use of printed materials. – Integrate information technology (IT) systems to maximize teamwork, transparency and information sharing, including: web directories and links; web based document sharing; web based procurement process, notices/advertisements; and electronic document processing to reduce paper needs. – Require electronic submittals. – Use electronic pay statements and accounting forms. – Designate a majority of printers as general purpose to be loaded with 20 pound or 22 pound weight paper with only one or two printers to be loaded with higher quality paper. – Use water pitchers rather than individual plastic bottles during meetings. – Track printing to identify errors so that print jobs are not duplicated. – Inscribe “printed on recycled paper” on the footers of applicable documents. – State “please consider the environment before printing this email” on the footer of all e-mails (and write a similar message on other electronic documents). – Only purchase copiers or printers that offer double-sided printing options. Set all print drivers to default to double-sided printing.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-23 – Recycle used computer systems. Donate or schedule and implement an auction of used computer systems. – Contract an electronics reseller service provider to earn revenue for retired computers, monitors, and printers. – Print documents in “draft mode” to reduce the use of printer ink. – Place recycling bins for printer/copier cartridges and for batteries in offices and terminals. – Implement “Paper-Free Fridays,” a “Think Before You Print” campaign, and/or similar campaigns to reduce paper and/or materials consumption. – Utilize conference calls and web-based conferences when possible to reduce printed materials and to reduce emissions from transportation. – Work with waste haulers to negotiate contracts that allow for reduction in waste hauls and increases in recycling hauls in order to leverage cost savings potential that may arise from recycling programs. – Establish a document management system so that project files can be submitted and archived electronically. • Recyclables – Recycle aluminum, glass, plastics, paper, newspapers, magazines, phone books, and corrugated cardboard. – Recycle gas filters, waste gasoline, motor oil, anti-freeze, scrap metal, tires, electrical wiring, electronics, grease and sludge, hazardous materials and spent solvents, pallets, and wood. – Recycle batteries, light bulbs, toner cartridges, and electronics. – Increase the number of clearly marked, distinct recycling containers available. – Provide liquid disposal stations at security checkpoints. – Install bottle refill stations, especially after security checkpoints so that passengers can refill their beverage containers after dumping out liquids to pass through security. – Use on-site trash compactors instead of roll-offs to reduce the trips needed to remove municipal solid waste. – Require airlines and cleaning companies to have onboard recycling programs. – Install an airside recycling center to collect and recycle deplaned waste from arriving aircraft. – Provide waste oil containers to pilots (particularly general aviation pilots) for the collection of waste engine oil. – Provide general aviation tenants with sump fuel disposal containers. – Recycle hot-drained or crushed nonterne-plated used oil filters. – Recycle all used oil cans as scrap metal. – Recycle aircraft tires, turbine oil, hydraulic fluid, engine oil, carpet, glass and metal from light bulbs, and batteries. – Collect used oil for heating purposes in approved burners. – Utilize cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes, and other technologies to enhance recycling activities. – Provide cardboard compactors to assist concessionaires with recycling. – Strategically locate recycling receptacles and place signs directly adjacent that clearly identifies what can and cannot be recycled. – Develop recycling and waste reduction competitions between different departments. – Conduct awareness training for the janitorial staff to ensure that recyclables stay segregated from waste. • Hazardous Materials – Develop and implement a hazardous waste management plan for the containment and operational use of hazardous materials. – Develop and implement a Spill Prevention Countermeasure and Control (SPCC) Plan. – Develop and implement an underground storage tank management plan. – Upgrade aging single-wall underground storage tanks with double-wall underground storage tanks. – Develop and implement an above ground storage tank management plan. – Establish a hazardous waste spill response chain of command with tenant and fuel supplier planners (i.e., pipeline and fuel trucking). – Institute solid and fluid waste containment methods and disposal protocols to support minimal or no site contamination. – Donate unused paint to the city’s graffiti removal program. – Implement a centralized hazardous substance management system/library where materials could be purchased or checked out on an as needed basis. – Provide sophisticated monitoring for underground fuel hydrant systems. – Require off-peak fueling. – Develop and submit a Fuel and Lubricants Control Plan.

G-24 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options • Green Purchasing – Start or enhance a Green Procurement Program. – Participate in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. – Participate in a statewide purchasing alliance with a focus on local procurement. – Purchase fair trade products (such as coffee, bags, boxes, artwork, chocolate, sugar, etc.) to build equitable and sustainable trading partnerships and create opportunities to alleviate poverty. – Purchase naturally raised, hormone-free and organic ingredients. – Purchase bleach-free and chlorine-free paper products. – Purchase high post-consumer recycled content paper. – Purchase bottles made of biodegradable materials such as ethanol instead of plastic bottles (if bottles are necessary). – Purchase vegetable-based inks for printing where appropriate. – Purchase reusable/recyclable printer cartridges. – Purchase reused furniture from local organizations. – Procure only green cleaning and hygiene products (e.g., GreenGuard, Green Seal, Ecologo, etc.). – Enforce procurement of motorized vehicles with fuel economies higher than existing values. Construction • Construction Scheduling and Sequencing – Expedite the completion of the building envelope to minimize moisture exposure to interior surfaces, minimizing the potential for mold. – Minimize the extent and duration of bare ground exposure to prevent erosion. • Logistics – Purchase precut and prefabricated components when available and order materials to size in order to reduce waste and haul loads. – Require suppliers to make deliveries using sturdy returnable pallets and containers. Have suppliers pick up pallets and empty containers. – Provide concrete washout areas to collect and retain concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers for recycling. – Purchase easily stackable units such as cladding systems, curtain walls, steel beams, etc. to reduce transportation costs to the site. – Use a raised floor system to reduce data and communication installation costs and allow for easier, more economical moves and space reconfiguration. – Closely coordinate deliveries of construction materials with scheduled installation times (“just in time” deliveries) to reduce staging requirements. • Construction Waste Management – Develop and implement a Construction Waste Management Plan that requires and tracks recycling of (at a minimum) land- clearing debris, cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, asphalt, plastic, wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet, and insulation. – Develop a balanced earthwork plan and keep excavated soil on-site to reduce off-site hauling. – Use portable concrete/asphalt crushers or operate concrete crushing/recycling plants on-site to facilitate reuse of materials in other construction projects. – Designate specific on-site areas for recycling construction waste materials. – Include in all contract documents the minimum quantities of excess materials that will be accepted for return by the vendor and the required conditions of such material. – Recycle non-contaminated drywall by grinding, spreading, and tilling it on open land (away from aircraft movement areas) at a rate of approximately five tons per acre if no local markets exist for recycling it. – Use excess asphalt paving material to fix surrounding roads, parking lots, etc. – Use concrete chunks, old bricks, broken block and other masonry rubble for backfill along foundation walls, parking stops, jersey barriers, etc. (where permitted). – Use pre-assembled rebar cages to reduce on-site rebar waste. – Use large panel formwork systems to reduce concrete waste generated by losses due to damaged formwork.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-25 – Reduce packaging waste through vendor participation using bulk packaging techniques or choose products with minimal or no packaging. – Encourage alternative sustainable packaging techniques (e.g., metal strapping in preference to shrink-wrap, paper packag- ing as opposed to plastic and shredded paper as opposed to foam). – Do not use temporary wood structures. – Use sight and sound barriers made of lightweight panels that can be easily installed, maintained, and replaced. – Reuse items such as electrical boxes, wire spools, breaker equipment, wall outlets and other equipment. – Save worn out NiCad (nickel–cadmium) batteries from portable power tools for delivery to a specialized battery-recycling site. – Determine the disposal cost, hauling cost, and revenue generated from reusing materials on-site and compare that with the cost of purchasing new items. • Recycled Content – Establish project goals for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. – Identify the value of both the post-consumer recycled content and the post-industrial content, defining recycled content materials in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 260. – Provide fact sheets to designers that include available recycled content materials and the target for each material. – Purchase concrete materials that contain recycled content, such as aggregate cast-in-place concrete, fly-ash cast-in-place concrete, and bituminous concrete pavement. – Purchase recycled content materials for the following major building components: unit pavers; steel reinforcement; struc- tural steel; miscellaneous steel; steel fencing and furnishings; unit masonry; ductile iron pipe; aluminum products; railroad rails; railroad ties; railroad track base material; steel doors and frames; aluminum doors and windows. – Purchase recycled content materials for the following internal building components: plaster; terrazzo; acoustical ceilings; drywall; finish flooring including carpet, resilient flooring, and terrazzo; toilet and shower compartments; special furnishes; equipment; sheet metal ductwork; and site lighting. – Develop an acquisitions policy for furniture and building fixtures with high recycled content. – Use recycled/reused rubber, glass, agricultural fibers, and plastic for flooring. – Install carpet tiles from post-industrial nylon that are reusable and recyclable. – Use ceramic tile containing post-consumer or post-industrial waste. – Use telecommunications cabling and electrical device wall plates that have a high percentage of recycled plastic. – Ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of recycled content materials installed. • Local/Regional Materials – Use the following locally/regionally available materials: concrete, asphalt, structural steel, masonry, post-industrial recycled gypsum wallboard, storm system concrete pipes of all sizes, manholes and handholes, electrical ductbanks, cable, gas and water piping, rail tracks, rail ties, rail ballast, landscape material and seed. – Establish a goal for the minimum percentage of local/regional materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius no greater than 500 miles (designate a shorter radius where possible; e.g., 250 miles). – Identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve the regional materials goal. • Rapidly Renewable Materials – Use the following rapidly renewable materials for both permanent and temporary construction materials: poplar oriented straw board (OSB) or “agriboard” (formwork for temporary construction and underlayment); bamboo flooring; cork; wool carpets and fabrics; cotton-batt insulation; linoleum flooring; sunflower seed board; wheat grass or straw board cabinetry and others. – Install clay roof tiles which are made from abundant raw materials and carry effective heat gain characteristics (for cool climates). – Use paper joint tape in lieu of fiberglass tape. – Establish a project goal for the utilization of rapidly renewable materials. • Wood – Establish a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified wood products goal and identify suitable suppliers. – Use Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) products in temporary and permanent construction materials and finished products.

G-26 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Do not use creosote-coated lumber. – Do not use chromate copper arsenate (CCA) pressure-treated lumber. – Do not use extruded polystyrene (XPS) rigid board insulation. – Do not use fiberglass insulation that contains phenol-formaldehyde binders. • Structure and Building Reuse/Salvaging – Reuse existing structures and/or building components. – Reuse existing runway pavement. – Plan for the reuse (and temporary storage) of equipment, facilities, and materials from one project to another; track cost savings. – Quantify the extent of structure and building reuse. – Remove elements that pose a contamination risk prior to reusing structures. – Advertise salvage activities prior to demolition to encourage salvaged materials reuse. – Use a public information website or other means to list salvaged materials to offer for sale or donation. – Donate project waste that cannot be reused or salvaged to a cooperating agency. – Conduct detailed assessments to better understand materials or equipment that are salvageable versus recyclable. • Deconstruction, Disassembly, and Flexible Use of Space – Plan for deconstruction, disassembly, and flexible use of space for systems, components, and structures. – Design for current needs with the ability to expand into the future. Do not oversize components during the initial design phase to account for future build-out. – Allow adequate time for deconstruction activities. – Specify detailed terms of deconstruction in bid documents. – Evaluate the potential reuse of deconstructed mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. – Purchase ceiling tile and carpeting from companies that recycle and/or reuse deconstructed carpet and tiles. – Detail electrical/utility connections for disassembly and/or upgrades and ensure they are accessible; provide instructions. – Minimize the use of chemical (adhesive) connectors; instead use friction-based connectors. – Design electrical and fiber optics, other wiring, and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in such a way that it is flexible to expand or downsize it. – Design air conditioner roof units so additional units may be placed if necessary in the future. – Design for additional temperature, electrical, sprinklers and communication zones in a large space so that future renova- tion work will not disrupt services. – Place entrances and corridors to spaces in such a way that future uses may utilize existing egresses. – Evaluate the structure and component life cycle prior to purchasing materials/equipment. – Create flexible and diverse workspaces to enable expansion. – Select fittings fasteners, adhesives and sealants that allow for quicker disassembly and facilitate the removal of reusable materials. • Construction Vehicle Emissions Reduction – Replace aging construction equipment with new low emission models. – Install low emission engines into old equipment chassis. – Perform routine maintenance to maintain original vehicle emission levels. – Install particulate filters on construction vehicles. – Install diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) on construction vehicles. – Use the best available retrofit technology as approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and/or the California Air Resources Board (CARB). – Develop a Tier compliant and retrofit program for construction vehicles (e.g., retrofit all pre-Tier, Tier 1 and Tier 2 con- struction vehicles). – Provide retrofit allowances for construction equipment. – Maintain an inventory of all installed retrofit equipment and emissions reduction devices to ensure goals or guidelines are achieved and for documentation and marketing purposes. – Develop a vehicle inspection program to ensure pollution control devices are in place. • Construction Materials Conveying – Use an overland conveyor system to transport construction materials from stockpile areas. – Use biodegradable hydraulic elevator oils for conveyors.

Airport Sustainability Best Practices G-27 • Construction Noise and Acoustical Quality – Establish construction vehicle speed limits to minimize noise and dust. – Require contractors to submit sound reduction construction plans to mitigate unwanted construction noise and vibration. – Locate mechanical equipment and other sources of noise away from noise-sensitive land uses. – Install noise barriers. – Use rubber tired equipment in lieu of track equipment to reduce noise levels. • Foundations – Add polyethylene vapor retardant under the floor slab to reduce the potential for mold. – Install a layer of gas-permeable material under the foundation (usually four inches of gravel). – Provide a capillary break (dampproofing or membrane) between the footing and foundation wall or perimeter foundation for slab-on-grade. – Install drainage tile at foundation footings. • Other Construction Equipment/Materials – Install freight elevators as early as possible and coordinate building enclosure at the elevator shafts to minimize temporary hoisting needs. – Use localized hot water equipment rather than centralized equipment to reduce transmission loss and improve efficiency. – Use a Global Positioning System-based earthmover to enable machines to get to grade with fewer passes, using less fuel, incurring less wear, improving safety, and reducing costs. – Install pipes with acoustic measuring devices to detect vibrations and/or sound waves in pipelines, indicating defects. – Require early installation of permanent electrical systems to minimize the number of temporary circuits needed for construction. – Use soundless demolition chemical agents (SCDA) as a substitute for explosives. – Install moisture resistant greenboard and mold resistant purpleboard. – Conduct periodic monitoring for mold and asbestos. – Use bio-based transformer fluids. • Construction Equipment Maintenance – Use recycled oil, biodiesel-based oils and hydraulic fluid, non-toxic lubricants, and other environmentally friendly main- tenance agents. – Require contractors to submit a pre-construction plan to recycle oil and use environmentally friendly maintenance agents during construction. – Maintain current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on-site. • Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building. – Appoint an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) manager who will identify problems and methods of mitigation. – Communicate the hazards of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) with construction workers during health and safety meetings. – Meet or exceed the recommended Design Approaches of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Associa- tion (SMACNA) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction. – Sequence the installation of materials to avoid contamination of absorptive materials such as insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile, and gypsum wallboard. – Conduct a two-week building flush-out with 100 percent outside air after construction ends and prior to occupancy. – Do not operate (or impose strict limits on the operation of) air handling equipment during construction. – Use filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 at each return air grill if air handlers are used during construction. – Replace all air filter media used during construction at least two weeks prior to building occupancy, subsequent to building flush-out. – Install filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13 for media installed after construction. – Use ventilation systems overnight to purge the work area. – Use a desiccant dehumidifier to remove humidity and control moisture levels during installation of interior finishes. • Dust Control – Develop and implement a Construction Dust Control Plan. – Cover soil stockpiles or areas under active construction during rainfall, high wind, and at night.

G-28 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options – Stabilize access roads, subdivision roads, parking areas, and other on-site vehicle transportation routes immediately after grading and frequently maintain them to prevent erosion and control dust. – Require haulers to cover truck beds for dust suppression. – Alter construction scheduling to limit activity during high winds and poor air quality conditions. – Water down loose materials and exposed earth (with non-potable water) during construction. – Spray down truck wheel wells (with non-potable water) and use rumble strips before exiting the construction site. – Require truck beds to maintain at least two feet of freeboard for dust suppression. – Perform regular street sweeping during construction. – Use integral dust collection systems on drywall sanders, cut off saws and routers. – Use wet rags, damp mops, and vacuum cleaners with high-efficiency particulate absorption (HEPA) filters to clean dust. – Require employees and/or contractors to wear respirators and masks during certain dust/hazardous conditions. • Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction – Delineate the site perimeter to prevent disturbance beyond the construction area and flag all environmentally and socially sensitive areas. – Brief all contractors and sub-contractors on access road and staging area locations. – Ensure that truck/vehicle washing is on a paved or crushed stone pad to drain into a sediment trap or basin. – Designate truck and vehicle cleaning areas to manage or collect wastewater. • Construction Traffic Control – Coordinate with state and local transportation agencies to plan construction routes and to avoid vulnerable roadway areas. – Work with local radio affiliates to announce construction traffic alerts/reports on local radio stations. – Display construction traffic information on signage near the airport. – Release a construction project outlook report to local media outlets to provide advanced notice of any modifications to existing streets and intersections and provide information on truck haul routes in use. – Immediately repair any construction-related roadway damage. • Construction Health and Safety – Appoint a health and safety manager for the construction site. – Develop a site-specific health and safety plan that identifies all potential hazards and steps taken to mitigate accidents. – Include a reference to the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) General Duty Clause (29 CFR 1903.1) in all project bid specifications. – Perform an environmental site assessment and industrial hygiene review prior to construction. – Require one or more member(s) of the construction field team to have CPR/First Aid certification. – Post signs reminding construction workers of the long-term health risks from exposure to particulates and the unknown toxins attached to particulates. – Use personal air monitoring systems during construction to sample airborne contaminants and compare them to permis- sible exposure limits published in health and safety standards.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation