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COOLING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT HARDENING OF EXTENDED-SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGERS Developing the c r i t e r i a f o r co o l i n g systems f o r the NIKE-X Power System r e q u i r e d extensive engineering study and R&D work to ensure th a t a l l elements of the system would withstand the e f f e c t s of n u c l e a r detonations i n the atmosphere and have high a v a i l a b i l i t y and r e l i a b i l i t y f o r the l i f e of the power system. The cooling system was required to withstand the e f f e c t of shock waves i n the atmosphere and shock waves i n the e a r t h . The most promising types of cooli n g were s e l e c t e d to r e s i s t the environmental d i s t u r b a n c e s . The quant i t y of water a v a i l a b l e a l s o i n f l u e n c e d the type of cooling system. An abundant water supply, such as a l a k e or ocean, permitted the use of a once-through system. With water being drawn from, and returned to, an e s s e n t i a l l y i n f i n i t e source, hardening would be required only f o r the piping system, i n c l u d i n g pumps, v a l v e s , heat exchangers, e t c . This was the l e a s t expensive cooling system. A l i m i t e d water supply required a cooling-tower type of cooling system. This system required the hardening of the cooli n g tower, with the cooling f a n , pumps, p i p i n g s , and f i t t i n g s , and the heat exchangers. This was designated as the Limited Water Cooling System, and was more c o s t l y than the above once-through system. Arid regions were best served by a w a t e r - t o - a i r system. This required that the r a d i a t o r , r a d i a t o r f a n s , pump, and mountings withstand the e f f e c t created by atmospheric n u c l e a r detonations. This was the most c o s t l y of the three types of cooling systems. -25-
