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Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise (2024)

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27337.
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References 91 Caplan, M. 2017. Scientists for Tomorrow - A Self-Sustained Initiative to Promote STEM in Out-of-School Time Frameworks in Under-served Community-Based Organizations: Evaluation and Lessons Learned. 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition (Colombus, Ohio). Capranos, D., and A. J. Magda. 2023. Closing the Skills Gap: Employer perspectives on educating the post- pandemic workforce. Maitland, FL: Wiley University Services. Carroll, S. R., E. Herczog, M. Hudson, K. Russell, and S. Stall. 2021. Operationalizing the CARE and FAIR Principles for Indigenous data futures. Scientific Data 8(1):108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021- 00892-0. Casad, B. J., J. E. Franks, C. E. Garasky, M. M. Kittleman, A. C. Roesler, D. Y. Hall, and Z. W. Petzel. 2021. Gender inequality in academia: Problems and solutions for women faculty in STEM. Journal of Neuroscience Research 99(1):13–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24631. Chamberlin, W. S. 2023. Chapter 5: Acoustical oceanography. In Our World Ocean: Understanding the Most Important Ecosystem on Earth. Blue Planet Publishing. Chen, X. 2013. STEM attrition: College students’ paths into and out of STEM fields. Statistical Analysis Report. NCES 2014-001. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. CIJ (Center for Intersectional Justice). 2023. What Is Intersectionality. https://www.intersectionaljustice.org/ what-is-intersectionality. COL (Consortium for Ocean Leadership). 2018. The state of U.S. ocean scientific research as it relates to competitive advantage for the U.S. Navy: A report to the Office of Naval Research from the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Washington, D.C. Collins, P. H., and S. Bilge. 2020. Intersectionality. John Wiley & Sons. CRS (Congressional Research Service). 2023. Navy TAGOS-25 Ocean Surveillance Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/IF11838.pdf. Crenshaw, K. 1990. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review. Dall’Osto, D. R. 2019. Source triangulation utilizing three-dimensional arrivals: Application to the search for the ARA San Juan submarine. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 146(3):2104–2112. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5125251. De Brey, C., L. Musu, J. McFarland, S. Wilkinson-Flicker, M. Diliberti, A. Zhang, C. Branstetter, and X. Wang. 2019. Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups 2018. NCES 2019-038. Consortium for Ocean Leadership, National Center for Education Statistics. DoD (Department of Defense). n.d.a. Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support (DANTES). https://www.dantes.mil. Accessed December 2023. DoD. n.d.b. DoD College Acquisition Program. https://www.hci.mil/dodcareers/internship.html. Accessed December 2023. DoD. n.d.c. Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation. https://www.smartscholarship.org/smart. Accessed December 2023. Deruiter, S. L., B. L. Southall, J. Calambokidis, W. M. X. Zimmer, D. Sadykova, E. A. Falcone, A. S. Friedlaender, J. E. Joseph, D. Moretti, G. S. Schorr, L. Thomas, and P. L. Tyack. 2013. First direct measurements of behavioural responses by Cuvier’s beaked whales to mid-frequency active sonar. Biology Letters 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0223. Dewsbury, B. M., C. Taylor, A. Reid, and C. Viamonte. 2019. Career Choice among first-generation, minority STEM college students. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 20(3). https://doi.org/doi:10.1128/ jmbe.v20i3.1775. DoD (U.S. Department of Defense) 2019. Demographics Report: Profile of the Military Community. https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2019-demographics-report.pdf. Accessed December 2023. DoEd (U.S. Department of Education). 2023. Hispanic-Serving Institutions—Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics and Articulation Programs. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/hsistem/ index.html. Accessed May 2024. Dortch, D., and C. Patel. 2017. Black undergraduate women and their sense of belonging in STEM at predominantly White institutions. NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education 10(2):202–215. Prepublication Copy

92 Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise Duran, A., and D. Lopez. 2015. Women from diverse backgrounds in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) professions: Retention and career development. In Impact of Diversity on Organization and Career Development, edited by Claretha Hughes. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global. Pp. 214–251. Ellis, J., B. K. Fosdick, and C. Rasmussen. 2016. Women 1.5 times more likely to leave STEM pipeline after calculus compared to men: Lack of mathematical confidence a potential culprit. PLOS ONE 11(7):e0157447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157447. EOP (Executive Office of the President). 2019. Memorandum on Ocean Mapping of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone and the Shoreline and Nearshore of Alaska. EOP. 2022a. Opportunities and actions for ocean science and technology (2022–2028). Edited by Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology Committee on Environment of the National Science & Technology Council. EOP. 2022b. OSTP issues guidance to make federally funded research freely available without delay. Edited by Office of Science and Technology Policy. EOP. 2023a. Declaration on Atlantic Cooperation. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements- releases/2023/09/18/declaration-on-atlantic-cooperation/?utm_source=link. EOP. 2023b. Fact sheet: Biden-Harris administration announces new actions to advance open and equitable research. Edited by Office of Science Technology and Policy. https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news- updates/2023/01/11/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-actions-to-advance-open-and- equitable-research/?utm_source=link. EOP. 2023c. Ocean climate action plan: A report by the Ocean Policy Committee. Edited by Ocean Policy Committee. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Ocean-Climate-Action- Plan_Final.pdf. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2022. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture (SOFIA) towards blue transformation. Rome: FAO. Freeman, J. 2018. LGBTQ scientists are still left out. London: Nature Publishing Group. Freeman, S., S. L. Eddy, M. McDonough, M. K. Smith, N. Okoroafor, H. Jordt, and M. P. Wenderoth. 2014. Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(23):8410–8415. https://doi.org/doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111 Fugro Academy. n.d. https://www.fugro.com/careers/working-at-fugro/fugro-academy. Gewin, V. 2018. What does it take to make an institution more diverse? Nature 558(7708):149–149. GIDA (Global Indigenous Data Alliance). 2023. CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. https://www.gida-global.org/care. Goldbogen, J. A., B. L. Southall, S. L. DeRuiter, J. Calambokidis, A. S. Friedlaender, E. L. Hazen, E. A. Falcone, G. S. Schorr, A. Douglas, D. J. Moretti, C. Kyburg, M. F. McKenna, and P. L. Tyack. 2013. Blue whales respond to simulated mid-frequency military sonar. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280(1765). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0657. Gosselin, D. C., A. E. Egger, and J. J. Taber. 2019. Interdisciplinary teaching about Earth and the environment for a sustainable future. Springer. Guan, S., T. Brookens, and J. Vignola. 2021. Use of underwater acoustics in marine conservation and policy: Previous advances, current status, and future needs. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9(2):173. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/173. Gutiérrez y Muhs, G., Y. F. Niemann, C. G. González, and A. P. Harris. 2012. Presumed incompetent: The intersections of race and class for women in academia. University Press of Colorado. Hackerman, N., P. Bickel, G. Carrier, H. Doan, D. Eastman, M. A. Fox, P. A. Griffiths, P. A. Lane, R. W. Lucky, C. F. McKee, R. S. Nicholson, J. P. Ostriker, A. Schriesheim, R. F. Schwitters, and K. G. Wilson. 1990. Research Opportunities in Underwater Acoustics. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Halim, L., N. Abd Rahman, R. Zamri, and L. Mohtar. 2018. The roles of parents in cultivating children’s interest towards science learning and careers. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 39(2):190–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.05.001. Hawkins, A. D., and A. N. Popper. 2016. A sound approach to assessing the impact of underwater noise on marine fishes and invertebrates. ICES Journal of Marine Science 74(3):635–651. https://doi.org/10.1093/ icesjms/fsw205. Prepublication Copy

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Ocean Acoustics - the study of sound in the ocean, how it travels, interacts with, and is affected by its underwater surroundings - is a growing and critical field. Sound from both natural and human-generated sources can be an effective tool for probing the ocean environment. While the first applications of ocean acoustics began in the military, applications today encompass offshore energy production, national security, environmental monitoring, climate science, exploration and mapping, as well as fundamental ocean science.

Even as demand for ocean acoustics grows, workforce development is challenged by both the multidisciplinary nature of the field and its widely varying career paths. Ocean acoustics may be housed in a diversity of departments in higher education institutions, and career paths and trajectory of formal education can range from the vocational/associates' level through the doctorate level. This report examines the state of ocean acoustics education; assesses expected demand for acoustics expertise over the next decade; identifies competencies required across higher education and professional training programs; and presents strategies to raise the profile of careers in ocean acoustics. The report recommends a number of actions that federal agencies, industry, and academia can take to develop the expertise needed to meet current and future workforce demands.

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