Appendix A
List of Acronyms
AA | acrylic acid |
ACS | American Chemical Society |
AGORA | assembly of gut organisms through reconstruction and analysis |
AI | artificial intelligence |
AIChE | American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
AM | additive manufacturing |
API | active pharmaceutical ingredient |
API | American Petroleum Institute |
ASEE | American Society for Engineering Education |
ASSB | all-solid-state batteries |
AWEA | American Wind Energy Association |
BAU | business as usual |
BEV | battery electric vehicle |
BF | blast furnace |
BIO | Biotechnology Innovation Organization |
BIPOC | Black, Indigenous, and People of Color |
BLS | Bureau of Labor Statistics |
BTX | benzene, toluene, xylene |
CAR | chimeric antigen receptor |
CCUS | carbon capture, use, and storage (or carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration) |
CFC | chlorofluorocarbon |
CHO | Chinese hamster ovary |
CHP | combined heat and power |
CMS | U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
CNN | convolutional neural network |
COBRA | constraints-based reconstruction and analysis |
CPU | central processing unit |
CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
DAC | direct air capture |
DBER | discipline-based education research |
DMF | N,N-dimethylformamide |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNN | deep neural networks |
DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
DRI | direct reduction of iron |
ECM | extracellular matrix |
ED | electrodialysis |
EG | ethylene glycol |
EMF | Energy Modeling Forum |
EOR | enhanced oil recovery |
EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
EV | electric vehicle |
Fab | fragment antigen-binding |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
Fc | fragment crystallizable |
FCC | fluid catalytic cracking |
FCEV | fuel cell electric vehicle |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
FDCA | furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid |
FMT | fecal matter transplant |
FORTRAN | Formula Translation |
FOSSI | Future of STEM Scholars Initiative |
GAN | generative adversarial networks |
GDP | gross domestic product |
GE | General Electric |
GEM | genome-scale metabolic model |
GGE | gallon gasoline equivalent |
GHG | greenhouse gas |
GI | gastrointestinal |
GM | genetically modified |
GPU | graphics processing unit |
HCFC | hydrochlorofluorocarbon |
HDA | high-density amorphous |
HIV | human immunodeficiency viruses |
HMP | Human Microbiome Project |
HT | high temperature |
IAM | integrated assessment management |
IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
IC | integrated circuit |
ICE | internal combustion engine |
IDM | independent device manufacturer |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
ILI | Institute for Learning and Innovation |
IoT | Internet of Things |
IR | infrared |
ISO | International Standards Organization |
IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
LAB | linear alkyl benzene |
LCA | life-cycle assessment |
LDA | low-density amorphous |
LNG | liquefied natural gas |
LPG | liquefied propane gas |
LPN | liquid nanoparticle |
mAb | monoclonal antibody |
MD | molecular dynamics |
MEA | membrane electrode assembly |
MEG | monoethylene glycol |
MF | microfiltration |
MIT | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
ML | machine learning |
MPI | multiple principal investigators |
mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid |
MS | mass spectrometry |
MSW | municipal solid waste |
MW | molecular weight |
NAE | National Academy of Engineering |
NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
NET | negative emissions technologies |
NF | nanofiltration |
NG | natural gas |
NGL | natural gas liquids |
NHL | N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
NN | neural networks |
NOAA | U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NOM | natural organic matter |
NRC | National Research Council |
NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
NSF | National Science Foundation |
OC | organic carbon |
OCM | oxidative coupling of methane |
ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
PAH | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
PAM | polyacrylamide |
PBAT | polybutyrate adipate terephthalate |
PBS | polybutylene succinate |
PCB | polychlorinated biphenyl |
PCL | polycaprolactone |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
PDRC | passive daytime radiative cooling |
PE | polyethylene |
PEC | photoelectrochemical cells |
PEF | polyethylene furanoate |
PEG | polyethylene glycol |
PEM | proton exchange membrane |
PET | polyethylene terephthalate |
PGMEA | propylene glycol methyl ether acetate |
PHA | polyhydroxy alkanoate |
PI | process intensification |
PLA | polylactic acid |
PM | particulate matter |
PMMA | polymethylmethacrylate |
PNAS | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
PP | polypropylene |
PS | polystyrene |
PSC | perovskite solar cells |
PTA | purified terephthalic acid |
PTT | polytrimethylene terephthalate |
PUR | polyurethane |
PV | photovoltaic |
PVC | polyvinyl chloride |
PVOH | polyvinyl alcohol |
QSAR | quantitative structure–property relationships |
QSPR | quantitative structure–activity relationships |
R&D | research and development |
RD&D | research, development, and demonstration |
REU | Research Experience for Undergraduates |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
RNN | recurrent neural network |
RO | reverse osmosis |
scFv | single-chain variable fragment |
SCM | supplementary cementitious materials |
SCR | selective catalytic reduction |
SEM | strategic energy management |
SFG | sum frequency generation |
siRNA | small interfering RNA |
SOEC | solid oxide electrolysis cell |
SMARTS | SMILES arbitrary target specification |
SMILES | simplified molecular-input line-entry system |
SPI | single principal investigator |
STEM | science, technology, engineering, and math |
TEA | technoeconomic assessment |
THF | tetrahydrofuran |
TRISO | TRi-structural ISOtropic |
TRL | technology readiness level |
UF | ultrafiltration |
UN | United Nations |
USD | United States dollar |
WEF | water–energy–food |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WHP | waste heat to power |
WtE | waste-to-energy |