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2023 Airport Landside Data COLLECTION AND APPLICATION A Synthesis of Airport Practice Gavin Duncan Ernest Choi InterVISTAS Consulting USA LLC San Mateo, CA Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation ⢠Data and Information Technology ⢠Terminals and Facilities A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP SYNTHESIS 132
ACRP SYNTHESIS 132 Project 11-03, Topic S10-19 ISSN 1935-9187 ISBN 978-0-309-70924-8 Library of Congress Control Number 2023949190 © 2023 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trade- marks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transporta- tion Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or spec- ifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names or logos appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet by going to https://www.mytrb.org/MyTRB/Store/default.aspx Printed in the United States of America AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in transpor- tation of people and goods and in regional, national, and international commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal responsibility for man- aging and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agen- cies and not being adequately addressed by existing federal research pro- grams. ACRP is modeled after the successful National Cooperative High- way Research Program (NCHRP) and Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). ACRP undertakes research and other technical activi- ties in various airport subject areas, including design, construction, legal, maintenance, operations, safety, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common operational problems. ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100â Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Asso- ciation of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academy of Sciences formally initiating the program. ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research organi- zations. Each of these participants has different interests and responsibili- ties, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel appointed by TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport professionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels prepare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing coop- erative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended users of the research: airport operating agencies, service pro- viders, and academic institutions. ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties; industry associations may arrange for workshops, training aids, field visits, webinars, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport industry practitioners.
e National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. e National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. e National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. e three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. e National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. e Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. e mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation improvements and innovation through trusted, timely, impartial, and evidence-based information exchange, research, and advice regarding all modes of transportation. e Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 8,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. e program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP SYNTHESIS 132 Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Marci A. Greenberger, Manager, Airport Cooperative Research Program Jordan Christensen, Senior Program Officer Demisha Williams, Senior Program Assistant Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications ACRP PROJECT 11-03 PANEL Joshua D. Abramson, Barge Design Solutions, Inc., Nashville, TN (Chair) Gloria G. Bender, TransSolutions, LLC, Fort Worth, TX David A. Byers, Quadrex Aviation, LLC, Melbourne, FL Brenda L. Enos, TRC, Boston, MA Cameron Thompson, Birmingham Airport Authority, Birmingham, AL Keila Walker-Denis, Orlando International Airport, Orlando, FL Scott Wintner, San Jose Norman Y. Mineta International Airport, San Jose, CA Patrick Magnotta, FAA Liaison Liying Gu, Airports Council InternationalâNorth America Liaison Christine L. Gerencher, TRB Liaison TOPIC S10-19 PANEL Sheldon Eric Daisley, City of HoustonâHouston Airport System, Humble, TX Shailesh Gongal, Massachusetts Port Authority, East Boston, MA Kimberly Howard, Nashville, TN Margaret Martin, Martin Airport Law, LLC, Nashville, TN Lisa Truong Nguyen, Denver International Airport, Centennial, CO Jonathan Michael Schneider, Airport Design Consultants, Inc., New York, NY C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S
ABOUT THE ACRP SYNTHESIS PROGRAM Airport administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This infor- mation may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research find- ings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem. There is information on nearly every subject of concern to the airport industry. Much of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful information and to make it available to the entire airport community, the Airport Cooperative Research Program authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continuing project. This project, ACRP Project 11-03, âSynthesis of Information Related to Airport Practices,â searches out and synthesizes useful knowl- edge from all available sources and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this endeavor constitute an ACRP report series, Synthesis of Airport Practice. This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format, without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems. FOREWORD By Jordan Christensen Staff Officer Transportation Research Board Airports collect data to help understand the customer journey from the entrance or access points of the airport to the boarding gates. Processes may change in order to improve the customer experi- ence when the collected data are analyzed. The objective of this synthesis is to document landside data, collection methods, analysis, and interpretation and discuss how that information affects air- port decision-making. For this synthesis, âlandsideâ was determined to be from the airport entrance or access points to the boarding gates. This report will be useful to airport staff responsible for making decisions about planning, design, customer experience, and day-to-day operations. Infor- mation used in this study was obtained through a literature review and airport survey. Interviews of nine airports shaped the case examples found in Chapter 6. Gavin Duncan and Ernest Choi, InterVISTAS, San Mateo, CA, synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are acknowledged on page iv. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that records the practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge available at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice con- tinues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand.
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To the staff of each participating airport, the authors are grateful for the data and insights they shared during the online survey and follow-up telephone interviews: Large-Hub Airports Boston Logan International Airport (BOS) Chicago OâHare International Airport (ORD)* Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)* Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) Denver International Airport (DEN)* Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL)* John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) LaGuardia Airport (LGA) Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX)* Portland International Airport (PDX) San Diego International Airport (SAN)* San Francisco International Airport (SFO) Salt Lake City International Airport (SLC) Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA) Tampa International Airport (TPA) Medium-Hub Airports Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) Indianapolis International Airport (IND)* John Wayne Airport (Orange County, California) (SNA)* Reno-Tahoe International Airport (RNO) San Antonio International Airport (SAT) Small-Hub Airports Colorado Springs Airport (COS) Eugene Airport (EUG) Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport (SAV) Non-Hub Airports Jackson Hole Airport (JAC)* *Indicates airports that served as case examples.
1 Summary 3 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Study Purpose and Overview 3 1.2 Topics Not Addressed in This Report 4 1.3 Why Data Are Important to Airports 5 Chapter 2 How This Study Was Conducted 5 2.1 Summary of Literature Review 6 2.2 Survey of Airports 6 2.3 Case Examples 8 Chapter 3 Summary of Survey of Airports 8 3.1 Data Collection for Ground Access (Passengers Only) 11 3.2 Data Collection in the Terminal Before Security 13 3.3 Data Collection in the Terminal Post Security 14 3.4 Data Collection for Employees 16 Chapter 4 Terminal and Landside Data Collection at Airports 16 4.1 Types of Data Collected at Airports 16 4.2 How Data Are Collected, and the Systems/Technologies Used 19 4.3 Costs of Data Collection 20 4.4 Legal Issues Encountered from Data Collection or Storage 22 Chapter 5 Data Analysis and Decision-Making 22 5.1 Why Data Are Collected 23 5.2 How Data Are Analyzed and Interpreted 24 5.3 How Data Are Used to Make Decisions 28 Chapter 6 Summary of Case Examples from Airports 28 6.1 Data Collection Methods and Technologies 29 6.2 Data Analysis 29 6.3 Legal Issues with Data Collection and Storage 29 6.4 Data-Driven Problem Solving 32 Chapter 7 Summary of Findings and Suggestions for Future Research 32 7.1 Summary of Findings 33 7.2 Suggestions for Future Research 34 Glossary 35 Acronyms 36 References and Bibliography C O N T E N T S
38 Appendix A Survey Questions with Results 55 Appendix B Summary of Interviews with Case Example Airports Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at nap.nationalacademies.org) retains the color versions.
