Fire research abstracts and reviews: Volume 14, 1972 (1972)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

F I R E R E S E A R C H A B S T R A C T S A N D R E V I E W S is published three times a year by the Committee on Fire Research of the Division of Engmeenng— National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washmgton, D C I t IS supported by the OflSce of Civil Defense of the Department of the Army, the U. S Department of Agnculture through the Forest Service, the National Science Foundation, and the National Bureau of Standards. The opimons expressed by contributors are their own and are not necessarily those of the Committee on Fu:e Research Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the Umted States Government Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-60075 rev Available without charge from the Office of the Committee on Fire Research National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council Washington, D. C . 20418

FOREWORD This issue begins with a survey of the Soviet Fire Technology Information sources and ends with translations from the first issue of a new So^aet abstract reference journal, RZh-Fire Protection (RZh-FP) This is an impressive work, both in coverage and m the rapidity with which the information reaches the public I t is a heartening sign that the Soviet technologic community now considers the fire field an important enough entity to warrant separate Uterature coverage Taken together with its companion journals, one of which appears weekly, this represents a major effort by a dedicated staff. In terms of total pages it carries some five to ten times the material in Ftre Research Abstracts and Reviews The coverage of RZh-FP appears to be principally engineering and technology; the scientific aspects of fire being abstracted under the heading of the parent science and not collected separately This contrasts with the poUcy of F R A R which has been selectively to cover and mterpret both the engmeermg and scientific aspects of the field The abstracts appear to be completely written and the coverage ap- parently very thorough as compared with our evaluation of the field This new source of fire information is well worth evaluatmg and your editor is looking forward to the translations of the first six issues which have been undertaken by Messrs Holtschlag and Kuvshinoff of the Apphed Physics Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins Umversity, supported m part by the Fire Problems Program grant from the R A N N Program of the National Science Foundation. Your editor would welcome comments on this new source of information since he feels that the position of Fire Research Abstracts and Reviews should be reevaluated and, if possible, strengthened by cooperation with our Soviet colleagues R M F B I S T O M , Editor

CONTENTS Volume 14 Number 3 Page F O R E W O R D iii Soviet Fire Information Dissemination Media—B. W. Kuvshinofif 227 A B S T R A C T S A N D R E V I E W S A. Prevention of Fires and Fire Safety Measures Fire Testing of Electrical Cables and the Benefits of Fire-Retardant Paints—F. E . Baker and R. E . Shepherd ; . . 232 Storage Properties of Four Foam Liquids—T. B. Chitty, D. J . Griffiths, D. M. Tucker, and J . G. Corrie 232 Methods of Evaluating Fire-Retardant Treatments for Wood Shingles— C . A. Holmes 233 Relation Between Fire Load and Temperature at Tests of Concrete and Wooden Partitions According to D I N 4102—K. Kordina and C. Meyer-Ottens 236 Safe Distances from Wired-Glass Screening a Fire—M. Law 236 Expanded Polystyrene Linings for Domestic Buildings—H. L . Malhotra 239 Wooden Laboratory Cupboards for the Fire Protection of Solvents— G. W. V. Stark, R. W. White, and G. E . Moseley 240 Fire-Retardant Treatments for Mine Timbei--D. G. Wilde 241 Another Approximation for Spatial Separation—G. Williams-Leir 243 B . Ignition of Fires The Ignition of Flammable Atmospheres by Small Amounts of Metal Vapor and Particles—P. Tolson 243 A Preliminary Investigation of the Use of Focused Laser Beams for Minimum Ignition Energy Studies—F. J . Weinberg and J . R. Wilson. 244 C . Detection of Fires D . Propagation of Fires Turbulent Burning Rate—L. A. Vulis 245 Measurements of the Dynamics of Structural Fires—S. J . Wiersma . . . . 246 Flame Propagation of Burning Solid Material with Moisture—Shuh-Jing Ying 247

VI CONTENTS E . Suppression of Fires Evaluation of Auxiliary Agents and Systems for Aircraft Ground Fire Suppression-Phase I — S . Atallah, A. S. KaJelkar, and J . Hagopian... 247 Performance of Metal Foam as a Flame Arrester When Fitted to Gas-. Explosion-Relief Vents—Z. W. Rogowski and S. A. Ames 248 F . Fire Damage and Salvage G . Combustion Engineering Gas Burning Mechanism in a Fluidized Bed—P. V. Sadilov and A. P. Baskakov 249 Turbulent Combustion of Gaseous Mbctures—E. S. Shetinkov, Y u . A. Shcherbina and V. A. Spiridonov 249 H . Chemical Aspects of Fires Structure of Fluorine Supported Flames Il-Concentration Profiles for Flames of the Systems: H j - F j , Hj-Fj-NHs, N H j - F j , C j H j - F j and C2H4-FS—K. H . Homann and D. I . MacLean 250 The Fire-Retardance Effectiveness of High-Molecular-Weight, High- Oxygen-Containing Inorganic Additives in Cellulosic and Synthetic Materials—^A. E . Lipska 251 Radiation from an Ethylene Diffusion Flame—D. A. MacArthur and D. R. Packham 252 The Heat of Reaction during the Pyrolysis of Wood—A. F . Roberts . . . . 252 Thermal Behavior of Carbohydrates—F. Shafizadeh 253 I . Physical Aspects of Fires An Optical Study of Preignition Heat Release—F. J . Weinberg and J . R. Wilson with appendix by J . Adler 254 J . Meteorological Aspects of Fires K . Physiological and Psychological Problems from Fires Study on Injurious Properties of Combustion Products of Building Ma- terials at Initial Stage of Fire—K. Kishitani 256 Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Fire Victims—B. A. Zikria, G. C . Weston, M . Chodoff, and J . M . Ferrer 259 The Chemical Factors Contributing to Pulmonary Damage in Smoke Poisonmg—B. A. Zikria, J . Ferrer, and H . F . Floch 260

CONTENTS Vi i L . Operations Research, Mathematical Methods, and Statistics Fires in Television Sets—S. E . Chandler 260 M . Model Studies and Scaling Laws Modeling Individual and Multiple Building Fires—B. T. Lee 261 N . Instrumentation and Fire Equipment A Large-Area Differential Laser Interferometer for Fire Research—J. E . Creeden, R. M. Fristrom, C. Gninfelder and F . J . Weinberg 261 Optical Method of Measuring the Concentration in Axisynunetric Gas Jets—V. K . Baev, G . V. Klimchik, and V. A. Yasakov 262 A Portable I R System for Observing Fire through Smoke—F. D. Maxwell 262 O. Miscellaneous Fire Research in Europe—D. I . Lawson 263 M E E T I N G S Proceedings of Conference on Hazard Evaluation and Risk Analysis— Houston, Texas, August 18-19, 1971. Committee on Hazardous Ma- terials, IMvision of Chemistry' and Chemical Technology, National Research Council—National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C. 264 Proceedings of a Symposium on an Appraisal of Halogenated Fire Ex- tinguishing Agents—Washington, D . C , April 11-12, 1972. Con- ducted by Committee on Fire Research, Division of Engineering, and Committee on Toxicologj-, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology, National Research Council—National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C 264 T R A N S L A T I O N Soviet Abstracts Journal: Fire Protection—B. W. Kuvshinoff, L . J . Holtschlag 265 •

Soviet Fire Information Dissemination Media* B W K U V S H I N O F F Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University Fire technology literature, in general, is marked by a high degree of scatter Aside from the contents of a few fire service and fire technology penodicals, im- portant fire and fire-related articles are found m an extraordmarily heterogeneous assortment of titles One can find fire information m journals devoted to plastics, transportation, chemistry, physics, oceanography, nuning, sanitation, textiles, air conditionmg, plant management, occupational safety, biulding, materials, petroleum products, and many more fields Only two English-language secondary publications have attempted to draw this dispersed body of literature together References to Scientific Literature on Fire, compiled annually by the Fire Research Station, Boreham Wood, England, and Fire Research Abstracts and Reviews, pubhshed by the National Academy of Sciences Consequently, the appearance in January 1972 of the Soviet abstracts journal Fire Protection was a welcomed addition to the field of fire science literature The Soviet Referativnyy Zhumal [^Abstracts JoumaQ, abbreviated RZh, is out- standing in its scope of coverage of scientific and techmcal literature I t ranges all subjects from "avtomatika" [automation] at the top of the Russian alphabet to "yademaya fizika" [nuclear physics] at the bottom For readers who are not acquainted with Russian techmcal literature, we will briefly review the chronological history of Soviet scientific and technical informa- tion dissemination programs VINITI* and the Soviet System of Information Dissemination V I N I T I (Vsesoyuznyy Institute Nauchnoy i Tekhmcheskoy Informatsu), the All-Umon Institute of Scientific and Techmcal Information, was founded in 1952 as the Institute of Scientific Information The name was changed to the present one in 1956 The Institute has four primary functions in its mission 1) systematic and exhaustive abstracting of the world literature on the natural sciences and technology, 2) pubhcation of abstracts, reviews, bibhographies, and reference materials, as well as various series of Ekspress Informatsiya [^Engineering Digest^, discussed below, 3) research on and development of new methods and techniques in information science, and 4) translation of foreign techmcal literature on request The institute is now governed by the National Comrmttee on Science and Tech- nology of the Council of Mmisters USSR and is operated by the Academy of Sciences * The research for this review was supported by the National Science Foundation, R A N N Program This is an extension of a paper given at a seminar conducted by D r Isaac Welt at Ameri- can University, Washington, D C , fall semester, 1972 227

228 F I R E R E S E A R C H The Abstracts Journal, Digest, and other reference publications of V I N I T I are available on subscription at modest prices Abstracts Journal Series The main output of V I N I T I is, of course, the mammoth Referaiwnyy Zhumal [_Abstracts Journal'], abbreviated RZh The first of the "Chemistry," "Astronomy," "Mechamcs," and "Mathematics" series appeared in 1953 By 1970 V I N I T I was regularly pubhshmg 170 titles m the RZh senes m the general subject fields of automation and radioelectronics, astronomy, biology, geography, geology, mimng, geophysics, information science, mechamcal engmeermg, metallurgy, mechamcs, transportation, physics, chemistry, electrical engineering and power, and industrial economics The medical hterature is covered by a special abstractmg journal, Meditsmskiy Referaltvnyy Zhumal [^Medtcal Abstracts Journal], published monthly in 16 subject fields by the Ministry of Pubhc Health of the USSR RZh regularly covers the scientific and techmcal hterature of 118 different countries m 64 languages This coverage includes 14,000 penodical titles, over 6,000 senals, over 10,000 books, and over 160,000 patents In all, more than a milhon items are cited in 1972 Distnbution of the vanous titles in the RZh senes has grown to 342,000 copies The various sections of RZh are published monthly, except chemistry, which appears semi-monthly Author and subject indexes are published annually for all titles, for some, indexes are included m each issue The average time between receipt of original source material and publication of its abstract is four months It should be noted that this is almost an incredibly rapid through-put for a large mformation processmg system. This high-speed processmg appears to be meretricious, however, possibly because of delays in distribution and delivery The September 1972 issue of the Ftre Protection separate was received in Silver Spring, Maryland, durmg the last week of December "Ftre Protection" Separate of RZh Each of the major sections of RZh is divided mto a number of subsections Abstracts appearing in these subsections can be obtamed as separates, without subscnbmg to the complete issue covering the entire field One of these separates is Pozhamaya Okhrana [Fire Protection], inuagurated in January 1972 Annual author and subject indexes are provided automatically with the subscription The topics covered in this separate are grouped under the headmgs general problems m fire protection, fire service and fire prevention training, fire prevention, fire technology, fire extmguishment, fire tactics, and fire service technology and equipment Approximately 110 key articles, books, and patents are cited m each issue Owmg to the dispersion of fire-related literature alluded to in the opemng para- graph, many articles of interest are to be found m other sections of RZh For example, the hterature on combustion and explosions is cited m series 19ABV, General Problems m Chemistry Physical Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Articles on fire safety, fire resistance, and flammabihty are cited m series 191, General Problems m Fire Technology Literature pertinent to fire apparatus is cited m series 02A, Automobile Construction Articles on fire fightmg equipment and materials are covered also in series 33, Communal, Domestic, and Commercial Appliances