APPENDIX A
Committee Member Biographical Information
STEPHEN W. PACALA, Chair, is the Frederick D. Petrie Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University. He directs the Carbon Mitigation Initiative, an independent academic research program sponsored by BP and administered by the High Meadows Environmental Institute (HMEI). Dr. Pacala is also a founder and the chair of the board of Climate Central, a nonprofit media organization focusing on climate change. He currently serves on President Joseph R. Biden’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). He chaired the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee on Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration, which released its report in 2018. His research covers a wide variety of ecological and mathematical topics with an emphasis on interactions among greenhouse gases (GHGs), climate, and the biosphere. Dr. Pacala has an undergraduate degree from Dartmouth College (1978) and a PhD in biology from Stanford University (1982). He serves on the boards of the Environmental Defense Fund and the Hamilton Insurance Group. Among his many honors are the David Starr Jordan Prize and the George Mercer Award of the Ecological Society of America. Dr. Pacala is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
DANIELLE DEANE-RYAN is a senior fellow at The New School’s Tishman Environment and Design Center. She has devoted her career to advancing pioneering strategic, equitable climate crisis solutions across multiple sectors. Previously, she served as the director of Equitable Climate Solutions at the Bezos Earth Fund and the director of the Inclusive Clean Economy Program at the Nathan Cummings Foundation, where she supported collaborations that catalyzed world-leading climate and equity policies. Ms. Deane-Ryan served in the Obama administration as the senior advisor for external affairs and the acting director for stakeholder engagement at the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. She is a co-author of the 2019 Clean Energy States Alliance report Solar with Justice: Strategies for Powering Up Under-Resourced Communities and Growing an Inclusive Solar Market. Prior to this, Ms. Deane-Ryan was the founding executive director of Green 2.0 and a principal of the Raben Group; she launched the New Constituencies for Environmental Program at the Hewlett Foundation; and she managed the Commission to Engage African
Americans on Energy, Climate Change, and the Environment at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies. Ms. Deane-Ryan is on the boards of the Clean Energy States Alliance and Resource Media. She holds an MSc from the London School of Economics in environment and development and a BA from Williams College in political economy with an environmental studies concentration. Williams College awarded its Bicentennial Medal in 2019 to Ms. Deane-Ryan for her contributions to the environmental justice field.
ALEXANDRA “SANDY” FAZELI leads the National Association of State Energy Officials’ (NASEO’s) policy and program priorities coordination; workforce development; equity, access, and inclusion; and state and local cooperation and coordination on energy, climate, and resilience planning. Ms. Fazeli oversees NASEO’s private-sector affiliates program, which connects state energy policy makers, companies, and nonprofits, and helps lead the content development of NASEO’s major conferences and events. She serves as an adjunct fellow for the Center for Strategic and International Studies Wadhwani Chair in U.S. India Policy Studies and on the City of Minneapolis Community Environmental Advisory Commission and advisory board of the Center for Advanced Energy Studies Energy Policy Institute at Boise State University. She also serves as a non-resident fellow for the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Prior to NASEO, Ms. Fazeli worked on energy efficiency and state policy issues at the Rocky Mountain Institute, the Colorado Energy Office, and the Alliance to Save Energy. She received a BS in foreign service from Georgetown University and an MDP from the University of Denver.
KELLY SIMS GALLAGHER is a professor of energy and environmental policy at The Fletcher School at Tufts University. Dr. Gallagher directs the Climate Policy Lab and the Center for International Environment and Resource Policy at Fletcher. From June 2014 to September 2015, she served in the Obama administration as a senior policy advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and as the senior China advisor in the Special Envoy for Climate Change office at the Department of State. Dr. Gallagher is a member of the board of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. She is a member of the executive committee of the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement and she also serves on the board of the Energy Foundation. Broadly, she focuses on energy innovation and climate policy. She specializes in how policy spurs the development and deployment of cleaner and more efficient energy technologies, domestically and internationally. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She is the author of Titans of the Climate (2018), The Global Diffusion of Clean Energy Technologies: Lessons from China (2014), China Shifts Gears: Automakers, Oil, Pollution, and Development (2006), and dozens of other
publications. A Truman Scholar, she has an MALD and a PhD in international affairs from The Fletcher School and an AB from Occidental College.
JULIA H. HAGGERTY is an associate professor of geography in the Department of Earth Sciences at Montana State University (MSU), where she holds a joint appointment in the Montana Institute on Ecosystems. She received her BA from Colorado College in liberal arts and her PhD from the University of Colorado in history. An award-winning teacher, Dr. Haggerty teaches courses in human, economic, and energy resource geography at MSU. She also leads the Resources and Communities Research Group in studying the ways rural communities respond to shifting economic and policy trajectories, especially as they involve natural resources. Dr. Haggerty has expertise in diverse rural geographies, including those shaped by energy development, extractive industries, ranching and agriculture, and amenity development and conservation. Partnerships and collaboration with diverse stakeholders are central to her approach. Prior to joining MSU, Dr. Haggerty was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Otago in New Zealand (2005–2007) and a policy analyst with Headwaters Economics in Bozeman, Montana (2008–2013). She speaks frequently to public audiences about her research and has served on a number of boards and advisory committees from local to international scales.
CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON is the Hamerschlag University Professor of Engineering Emeritus and director of the Traffic 21 Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. Hendrickson’s research, teaching, and consulting are in the general area of engineering planning and management, including transportation systems, design for the environment, system performance, construction project management, finance, and computer applications. Central themes in his work are a systems-wide perspective and a balance of engineering and management considerations. He has co-authored eight books and published numerous articles in the professional literature. He is the editor-in-chief of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Journal of Transportation Engineering Part A (Systems). Dr. Hendrickson has been the recipient of the Council of University Transportation Centers Lifetime Achievement Award (2020), the ARTBA Steinburg Award (2019), the Faculty Award of the Carnegie Mellon Alumni Association (2009), the Turner Lecture Award of the ASCE (2002), and the Fenves Systems Research Award from the Institute of Complex Engineering Systems (2002). He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the chair of the National Academies’ Transportation Research Board (TRB) Division Committee, a member of the National Academy of Construction (2014), a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS; 2007), a distinguished member of the ASCE (2007), and an emeritus member of the TRB (2004). He earned a bachelor’s degree and an MS from Stanford University, an MPhil in economics from Oxford University, and a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
ADRIENNE HOLLIS1 leads the National Wildlife Federation’s environmental justice team to advance climate justice policy and programs. With more than 20 years of experience in the environmental justice and public health arena as both a toxicologist and an attorney, Dr. Hollis focuses her work on the intersection of public health, environmental justice, and climate change, and on methods for accessing and documenting the health impacts of climate change on communities of color and other traditionally disenfranchised groups. She works to identify priority health concerns related to climate change and other environmental assaults and evaluate climate and energy policy approaches for their ability to effectively address climate change and benefit underserved communities.
JESSE D. JENKINS2 is an assistant professor and macro-scale energy systems engineer at Princeton University with a joint appointment in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment. Dr. Jenkins is also an affiliated faculty with the Center for Policy Research in Energy and Environment at the School of Public and International Affairs and an associated faculty at the High Meadows Environmental Institute. At Princeton, Dr. Jenkins leads the Zero-Carbon Energy Systems Research and Optimization Laboratory (ZERO Lab), which focuses on improving and applying optimization-based energy systems models to evaluate and optimize low-carbon energy technologies, guide investment and research in innovative energy technologies, and generate insights to improve energy and climate policy and planning decisions. Dr. Jenkins completed a PhD in engineering systems (2018) and SM in technology and policy (2014) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BS in computer and information science (2006) at the University of Oregon.
ROXANNE JOHNSON established and currently directs the research department at the BlueGreen Alliance (BGA), a national coalition of labor unions and environmental groups working to build a stronger, fairer economy. In her current role, Ms. Johnson leads BGA’s research efforts to understand job creation opportunities in the clean economy. Her team is responsible for conducting manufacturing and policy research in industries such as wind and solar energy, energy efficiency, advanced vehicles, and infrastructure. Her previous work at the Great Plains Institute focused on communicating model results showing potential impacts of energy and transportation policy. Ms. Johnson earned a BS in mathematics and environmental studies from Northland College in Ashland, Wisconsin. She also earned an MS in science, technology, and environmental policy from the Humphrey School of Public Affairs in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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1 Resigned from the committee October 2022.
2 Resigned from the committee March 2022.
TIMOTHY C. LIEUWEN serves as the executive director of the Strategic Energy Institute at Georgia Technology. He is also a Regents’ Professor and the David S. Lewis, Jr. Chair in the School of Aerospace Engineering. He is the founder and chief technology officer of TurbineLogic, an analytics firm working in the gas turbine industry. Dr. Lieuwen is an international authority on gas turbine technologies, both from a research and development perspective and from a field/operational perspective. He has authored or edited four books, including the textbook Unsteady Combustor Physics. He has also authored 350 other publications and received 4 patents, all of which are licensed to the gas turbine industry. He is the editor-in-chief of the Aerospace Industries Association (AIAA) Progress book series. He is also the past chair of the Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions Technical Committee of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and has served as the associate editor of Combustion Science and Technology, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, and the AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power. He is a fellow of ASME and AIAA and a recipient of the AIAA Lawrence Sperry Award, ASME’s George Westinghouse Gold Medal, the National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award, and various best paper awards. His board positions include appointment by the Secretary of Energy to the National Petroleum Counsel, the board of governors of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and board member of the ASME International Gas Turbine Institute. He has also served on a variety of federal review and advisory committees. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He served on the National Academies’ Committee on the Review of NASA Test Flight Capabilities and the Decadal Survey of Aeronautics.
VIVIAN E. LOFTNESS is a university professor and the former head of the School of Architecture at Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. Loftness is an internationally renowned researcher, author, and educator with more than 30 years of focus on environmental design and sustainability, advanced building systems integration, climate and regionalism in architecture, and design for performance in the workplace of the future. She has served on 10 National Academies’ committees and the Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment, and she has given 4 congressional testimonies on sustainability. Dr. Loftness is the recipient of the National Educator Honor Award from the American Institute of Architecture Students and the Sacred Tree Award from the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). She received her BS and MS in architecture from MIT and served on the national boards of USGBC, the American Institute of Architect (AIA) Committee on the Environment, the Green Building Alliance, Turner Sustainability, and the Global Assurance Group of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. She is a registered architect and a fellow of the AIA.
CARLOS E. MARTÍN serves as a David M. Rubenstein Fellow at the Brookings Institution’s Metropolitan Policy Program and the director of the Remodeling Futures
Program at Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies. Trained as an architect, construction engineer, and historian of technology, Dr. Martín connects the bricks and mortar of housing to social and economic outcomes of occupants, especially at the intersections of environment, energy, and housing with racial equity and income disparity. For more than 20 years, he has led evaluation, research, and policy analysis for federal, state, and civil-sector entities in the fields of energy efficiency, housing construction and design, climate mitigation and adaptation, and energy and environmental justice. Dr. Martín previously led the Urban Institute’s Built Environment practice area. He was also part of a core team of researchers looking at the policy and practical methods for assessing equity in energy programs. Before Urban, Dr. Martín was the assistant staff vice president for construction codes and standards at the National Association of Home Builders, the Salt River Project Professor for Energy and the Environment at Arizona State University (ASU), and the coordinator for the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing. He received his BSAD in architecture from MIT and MEng and PhD in civil and environmental engineering from Stanford University.
MICHAEL A. MÉNDEZ is an assistant professor of environmental policy and planning at the University of California (UC), Irvine. He previously was the inaugural James and Mary Pinchot Faculty Fellow in Sustainability Studies and the associate research scientist at the Yale School of the Environment. Dr. Méndez has more than a decade of senior-level experience in the public and private sectors, where he consulted and actively engaged in the policy-making process. This included working for the California State Legislature as a senior consultant, as a lobbyist, and as the vice chair of the Sacramento City Planning Commission. In 2021, California Governor Gavin Newsom appointed Dr. Méndez to the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board. The board regulates water quality in a region of 11 million people. During his time at UC Irvine and Yale University, he has contributed to state and national research policy initiatives, including serving as an advisor to a California Air Resources Board member, and as a participant of the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s workgroup on Climate Vulnerability and Social Science Perspectives. Dr. Méndez is a member of the National Academies’ Board on Environmental Change and Society (BECS) and is on the board of directors of the social justice nonprofit Alliance for a Better Community. He also serves as a panel reviewer for the National Academies’ Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). Dr. Méndez holds three degrees in environmental planning and policy, including a PhD from UC Berkeley’s Department of City and Regional Planning, and a graduate degree from MIT. His research on the intersection of climate change and communities of color has been featured in national publications, including Urban Land (published by the Urban Land Institute), the Natural Resources Defense
Fund Annual Report, the American Planning Association’s Planning Magazine, Green 2.0: Leadership at Work, USA Today, and Fox Latino News. His new book Climate Change from the Streets (2020) is an urgent and timely story of the contentious politics of incorporating environmental justice into global climate change policy.
CLARK A. MILLER is a professor and the director of the Center for Energy and Society at ASU. He leads sustainability research for the Quantum Energy and Sustainable Solar Technologies Engineering Research Center. He also serves as a member of the steering committee of LightWorks, ASU’s university-wide sustainable energy initiative. Dr. Miller’s current research focuses on the human and social dimensions of energy transitions, including the social value of distributed renewable energy systems, strategies for addressing poverty and inequality through energy innovation, the organization of urban and regional energy transitions, and the design and governance of solar energy futures. He is an author or editor of eight books, including The Weight of Light (2019), Designing Knowledge (2018), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (2016), The Practices of Global Ethics (2015), Science and Democracy (2015), Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future (2013), Arizona’s Energy Future (2011), and Changing the Atmosphere (2001). He has published extensively in the fields of energy policy, science and technology policy, the role of science in democratic governance and international relations, the governance of emerging technologies, and the design of knowledge systems for improved decision-making. He holds a PhD in electrical engineering from Cornell University.
JONATHAN A. PATZ is the director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He is a professor and the John P. Holton Chair of Health and the Environment with appointments in the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the Department of Population Health Sciences. For 15 years, Dr. Patz served as a lead author for the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—the organization that shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore. He also co-chaired the health expert panel of the U.S. National Assessment on Climate Change, a report mandated by the U.S. Congress. In addition to directing the university-wide Global Health Institute, Dr. Patz has faculty appointments in the Nelson Institute, the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), and the Department of Population Health Sciences. He also directs the NSF-sponsored Certificate on Humans and the Global Environment (CHANGE). Dr. Patz is double board certified, earning medical boards in both occupational/environmental medicine and family medicine, and he received his MD from Case Western Reserve University (1987) and his MPH (1992) from Johns Hopkins University.
KEITH PAUSTIAN is a University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and a senior research scientist at the Natural Resource Ecology
Laboratory at Colorado State University. A major focus of his work involves modeling, field measurement, and development of assessment tools for soil carbon sequestration and GHG emissions from soils. Dr. Paustian was the founder of SoilMetrics, which provides modeling software for estimating agricultural GHG emissions, which was acquired by Indigio Ag. He has published more than 380 journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Paustian serves on the Farm and Forest Carbon Solutions Task Force of the Bipartisan Policy Center, the science advisory board of the Rabo Carbon Bank, and on the board of senior advisors of Solutions of the Land. Professional service activities also include coordinating lead author for the IPCC 2006 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Methods and the IPCC 2003 Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry and two National Academies’ committees (in 2010–2011 and 2018–2019) related to land use, GHGs, and climate change mitigation. He served as a member of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Steering Group, which provides expert input to federal agencies involved in climate and carbon cycle research. He also served on the Voluntary Carbon Standard Steering Committee for Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use and on numerous other national and international committees involving climate and carbon cycle research. He is a fellow of the Soil Science Society of America, recipient of the Soil Science Society of America’s Outstanding Research Award in 2015, and 2019 winner of the Global Foodshot Groundbreaker Award.
WILLIAM “BILLY” PIZER is a senior fellow and the vice president for research and policy engagement at Resources for the Future. Dr. Pizer was previously the Susan B. King Professor and the senior associate dean for faculty and research at the Sanford School of Public Policy and the faculty fellow at the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, both at Duke University. His current research examines how we value the future benefits of climate change mitigation, how environmental regulation and climate policy can affect production costs and competitiveness, and how the design of market-based environmental policies can address the needs of different stakeholders. Dr. Pizer has been actively involved in the creation of an environmental program at Duke Kunshan University in China, a collaborative venture between Duke University, Wuhan University, and the city of Kunshan. Before Duke, he was the deputy assistant secretary for environment and energy at the Department of the Treasury from 2008 to 2011, overseeing the Treasury’s role in the domestic and international environment and energy agenda of the United States. Prior to that, he was a researcher at Resources for the Future for more than a decade. Dr. Pizer has written more than 50 peer-reviewed publications, books, and articles, and holds a PhD and an MA in economics from Harvard University and a BS in physics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
VARUN RAI3 is a professor in the LBJ School of Public Affairs, where he directs the Energy Systems Transformation Research Group, and is in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Dr. Rai’s interdisciplinary research at the interface of energy systems, behavioral sciences, complex systems, and public policy focuses on enabling a broad diffusion of sustainable energy technologies globally. His research has been presented at several important forums and he serves on the editorial boards of the Electricity Journal and Energy Research & Social Science, for which he is also an associate editor. Dr. Rai was a Global Economic Fellow in 2009 and, during 2013–2015, he was a commissioner for the vertically integrated electric utility Austin Energy (~$1.4 billion revenue in 2015). In 2016, the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management awarded him the David N. Kershaw Award and Prize, which “was established to honor persons who, at under the age of 40, have made a distinguished contribution to the field of public policy analysis and management.” Dr. Rai has been the associate dean for research at the LBJ School since 2017. He received his PhD and MS in mechanical engineering from Stanford University and a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
EDWARD “ED” RIGHTOR is the director of the Center for Clean Energy Innovation (ITIF), which seeks to accelerate the transition of the domestic and global energy systems to low-carbon resources. Prior to joining ITIF, he was the director of the Industrial Program for the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). In that role, Dr. Rightor developed and led the strategic vision for the industrial sector, shaped the research and policy agenda, and convened stakeholders to accelerate energy efficiency and carbon emissions reductions. Prior to joining ACEEE, he held several leadership roles at Dow Chemical during his 31-year career. Through 2017, Dr. Rightor served as the director of strategic projects in Dow’s Environmental Technology Center. In this role, he worked with Dow businesses, operations, and corporate groups to reduce air emissions, waste, freshwater intake, and energy use. He also served as the facilitator of Dow’s Corporate Water Strategy Team and led teams to establish and pursue Dow’s 2025 Sustainability Goals, including the first-ever water goal. Working across global industrial associations, Dr. Rightor spearheaded a roadmap for the chemical industry on paths to reduce energy and GHG emissions. In prior roles, he developed GHG and energy reduction options across Dow’s global operations and pursued project funding and implementation. Earlier, he started a new market-facing business in the energy sector, led cross-functional teams to optimize processes (Six Sigma), pioneered technology that led to new materials development, and led
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3 Resigned from the committee April 2022.
teams to troubleshoot production challenges. Dr. Rightor earned a doctorate in chemistry from Michigan State University and a BS in chemistry from Marietta College.
PATRICIA “PATY” ROMERO-LANKAO is a sociology professor at the University of Toronto Scarborough and the recipient of a Canada Excellence Research Chair in Sustainability Transitions. Before this, Dr. Romero-Lankao worked at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences in 2018 as a senior research scientist in a joint appointment with the University of Chicago’s Mansueto Institute for Urban Innovation, where she is a research fellow. Previously, she was a senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Throughout her career, she has developed a considerable body of highly regarded sociological and transdisciplinary research resulting in several research grants and some 145 peer-reviewed publications. Her work primarily focuses on crucial intersections among people, energy, mobility, and the built environment in cities around the world. She has developed many innovative methods (e.g., clustering techniques and indices) to examine how inequalities in income, education, and decision-making power across populations relate to the distribution of benefits or negative impacts associated with access to transportation, energy, and related technological innovations (distributional justice). She has also developed tools such as listening sessions and fuzzy cognitive maps to examine the energy and mobility needs of women, elders, the working class, people of color, and other underrepresented groups to inform the understanding and management of these needs (e.g., procedural justice). Dr. Romero-Lankao has extensive experience as a sociologist working across disciplines and at the science–policy interface in the United States, Mexico, and many urban locations internationally. Her leadership of international research has garnered a good deal of recognition—she served as co-leading author in a working group contributing to the Nobel Prize–winning Fourth Assessment Report published by the United Nations’ IPCC. She also serves on the editorial board of Earth’s Future and several other journals and on the steering committee of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program.
DEVASHREE SAHA is a senior associate at WRI United States. In this role, Dr. Saha supports state, city, and federal policy makers as they work to develop and implement policies to reduce GHG emissions and support clean energy. This includes analysis of the economics of climate action; work to develop a new framework for climate federalism that supports and strengthens the partnership between city, state, and federal governments as they work to drive deep emissions reductions; and efforts to advance a fair and equitable transition to a low-carbon economy. Prior to joining WRI, Dr. Saha led the Council of State Government’s (CSG’s) energy and environmental policy work, where she was responsible for directing research and providing policy analysis and technical assistance to state legislators and executive branch officials. Before joining
CSG, Dr. Saha worked at the Brookings Institution, where her research focused on a wide array of clean energy topics, including examining clean energy innovation trends at the U.S. subnational level, identifying promising clean energy financing mechanisms, and estimating the employment size, nature, and spatial geography of the U.S. clean economy. Earlier in her career, she worked for the National Governors Association, providing governors and their staff with data and guidance on best practices affecting the energy sector. Over her career, she has authored several publications on clean energy that have informed state and city policy making. Dr. Saha holds a PhD in public policy from The University of Texas at Austin and a master’s degree in political science from Purdue University.
ESTHER S. TAKEUCHI4 is a professor at Stony Brook University and a chief scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Dr. Takeuchi is an energy storage expert who led efforts to invent and refine the lifesaving lithium/silver vanadium oxide (Li/SVO) battery technology, utilized in the majority of today’s implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Dr. Takeuchi’s work was conducted during 22 years at Greatbatch, Inc., a major supplier of pacemaker and ICD batteries. ICD batteries have high energy density with the ability to support intermittent high-power pulses. In addition, they have a long life, are safe, and are durable. In Dr. Takeuchi’s innovation, the cathodes employ two metals, silver and vanadium, rather than just one, allowing for more energy. In addition, the Li/SVO chemistry lets the ICD monitor the level of discharge, allowing it to predict end of service in a reliable manner. Today, more than 300,000 ICDs are implanted every year. Dr. Takeuchi received her BA from the University of Pennsylvania and her PhD from The Ohio State University. She joined Greatbatch in 1984, and in 2007, she joined the State University of New York, Buffalo. Dr. Takeuchi is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, has received more than 140 U.S. patents, and is the recipient of the 2008 National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
SUSAN F. TIERNEY, a senior advisor at Analysis Group, is an expert on energy economics, regulation, and policy, particularly in the electric and gas industries. Dr. Tierney consults to businesses, government agencies, foundations, tribes, environmental groups, and other organizations on energy markets, economic and environmental regulation and strategy, and climate-related energy policies. She has participated as an expert in civil litigation cases, regulatory proceedings before state and federal agencies, and business consulting engagements. Previously, she served as the assistant secretary for policy at DOE and was the secretary for environmental affairs in Massachusetts, the commissioner at the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, and the executive director of the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Council. She co-authored the
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4 Resigned from the committee April 2022.
energy chapter of the National Climate Assessment and serves on the boards of the Sloan Foundation, the Coalition for Green Capital, the Barr Foundation, Resources for the Future, and the World Resources Institute. Dr. Tierney taught at the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT and at UC Irvine and has lectured at Harvard University, University of Chicago, Yale University, New York University, Tufts University, Northwestern University, and University of Michigan. She earned her PhD and master’s degree in regional planning at Cornell University and her BA at Scripps College.
WILLIAM “REED” WALKER is the Transamerica Professor of Business and Public Policy and Economics at UC Berkeley. His research explores the social costs of environmental externalities such as air pollution and how regulations to limit these externalities contribute to gains and/or losses to society. Dr. Walker is the faculty co-director of UC Berkeley’s Opportunity Lab-Climate and Environment Initiative. He is also a research associate at the Energy Institute at Berkeley and a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was a recipient of the Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship and the IZA Young Labor Economist Award. Dr. Walker’s work has been supported by the Environmental Protection Agency, NSF, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the Smith-Richardson Foundation. He received his PhD in economics from Columbia University.
