Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
APPENDIX H
Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act
Table H-1 displays the wide array of provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) with direct or indirect effects on public health, including provisions relating to safety, research, schools, transit, public lands, multimodal transportation, water and energy system safety and accessibility, air pollution and contamination cleanup, public information, and more.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
TABLE H-1 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) Provisions Related to Public Health
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IIJA §11109—Surface Transportation Block Grant Program | Promotes state and local transportation decisions and provides flexible funding to address transportation needs (White House 2022). Eligible activities include improving on- and off-road pedestrian and bicycle facilities, environmental mitigation, and creating or improving recreational trails projects. |
| IIJA §11110—Nationally Significant Freight and Highway Projects | Funds competitive grants for multimodal freight and highway projects to improve the safety, efficiency, and reliability of the transportation in and across rural and urban areas (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11111—Highway Safety Improvement Program | Funds safety projects on public roads to save lives and prevent serious injuries (White House 2022). Eligible uses include construction to reduce vehicle speeds and traffic, installation or upgrades for pedestrian and bicyclist traffic control devices, and pedestrian security features designed to slow or stop a motor vehicle as an eligible highway safety improvement project. |
| IIJA §11112—Federal Lands Transportation Program | Supports critical transportation needs by providing access within national parks, forests, wildlife refuges, and other federal public lands (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11114—National Highway Freight Program | Provides funding to states to improve the efficient movement of freight on the National Highway Freight Network (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11115—Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program | Provides funds to state and local governments for transportation projects and programs to reduce congestion and improve air quality for areas that do not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11119—Safe Routes to Schools | Codifies the Safe Routes to School Program and amends it to apply the program through 12th grade to enable and encourage high school students to walk and bike to school safely (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §11122—Vulnerable Road User Research | Directs the Federal Highway Administration’s Administrator to establish a research plan to prioritize research relating to roadway safety improvements, the impacts of traffic speeds, and tools to evaluate the impact of transportation improvements on projected rates and safety of bicycling and walking (AASHTO 2021). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IIJA §11124—Consolidation of Programs | Funds transportation safety outreach, training, and education (White House 2022). Eligible activities include Operation Lifesaver, work zone safety grants, and the Public Road Safety Clearinghouse. |
| IIJA §11127—Nationally Significant Federal Lands and Tribal Projects | Provides funding for the construction and rehabilitation of nationally significant federal land transportation projects and tribal land transportation projects (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11130—Public Transit | Supports the construction or installation of traffic signaling and prioritization systems, redesigned intersections that are necessary for the establishment of a bus rapid transit corridor, on-street stations, fare collection systems, information and wayfinding systems, and depots (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §11132—Rural Surface Transportation Grant Program | Supports projects to improve and expand the surface transportation infrastructure to increase connectivity, improve the safety and reliability of the movement of people and freight, and generate regional economic growth in rural areas (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11133—Bicycle Transportation and Pedestrian Walkways | Funds the construction of walkways and bicycle transportation facilities (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §11201—Metropolitan Planning | Establishes a cooperative and comprehensive framework for making transportation investment decisions in metropolitan areas (White House 2022). Eligible activities include analysis and forecasting of travel demand and system performance, identification and prioritization of improvement needs, and coordination of the planning process and decision-making. |
| IIJA §11206—Increasing Safe and Accessible Transportation Options | Incentivizes state adoption of complete streets standards and policies, development of a complete streets prioritization plan, active and mass transportation planning, regional and megaregional planning to address travel demand through alternatives to highway travel, or transit-oriented development planning (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §11304—Intelligent Transportation Systems Program | Fosters innovation in transportation through technology that enhances safety and efficiency while reducing environmental impacts of surface transportation (White House 2022). Eligible uses include research and deployment of tools that facilitate safe, connected, and automated transportation systems. |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IIJA §11402—Reduction of Truck Emissions at Port Facilities | Funds activities to reduce truck emissions at ports, including through port electrification (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §11403—Carbon Reduction Program | Provides formula grants to states to reduce transportation emissions or develop carbon reduction strategies (White House 2022). Eligible projects include alternative fueling infrastructure, zero-emission construction vehicles, port electrification, energy-efficient traffic lights and streetlights, and bike paths and public transit routes. |
| IIJA §11404—Congestion Relief Program | Funds integrated and multimodal solutions to reduce congestion and the related environmental costs in the most congested metropolitan areas (White House 2022). Eligible uses include incentive programs that encourage carpooling, non-highway travel, or travel during nonpeak periods and the deployment of integrated congestion management systems or mobility services. |
| IIJA §11406—Healthy Streets Program | Provides grants to deploy cool pavements and porous pavements and to expand tree cover to mitigate urban heat islands and improve air quality (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §11509—Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program | Establishes the Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program to remove, retrofit, or mitigate highways and other transportation facilities that create barriers to community connectivity (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §21201—National Infrastructure Project Assistance (Megaprojects) | Supports large, complex projects that are likely to generate national or regional economic, mobility, or safety benefits (White House 2022). Eligible projects include freight intermodal or rail projects that provide a public benefit, intercity passenger rail projects, and public transportation projects. |
| IIJA §21202—Local and Regional Project Assistance Grants (RAISE) | Provides funding for grants to state and local entities for projects that will have local and regional impacts (White House 2022). Eligible projects include public transportation projects, surface transportation projects located on tribal land, and other surface transportation infrastructure projects considered necessary to advance the goal of the RAISE program. |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IIJA §26001—Hazardous Materials and Emergency Preparedness Grants | Funds grants for Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness, Assistance for Local Emergency Response Training, and Hazardous Materials Instructor Training programs (White House 2022). Eligible uses for the grants include the training of employees in hazardous materials safety. |
| IIJA §30007—Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Projects | Provides funding to assist projects and activities that advance safe, equitable, and climate-friendly public transportation (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §30017—State of Good Repair Formula Grants | Funds capital projects to maintain public transportation systems to ensure that transit operates safely, efficiently, and sustainably (White House 2022). Additionally provides funding for technical assistance to support transit providers in enhancing safe, equitable, and climate-friendly public transportation and supports the development of public transportation industry standards. |
| IIJA §40103—Energy Improvement in Rural or Remote Areas | Provides financial assistance to improve the resilience, safety, and availability of energy (White House 2022). Eligible uses include reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy generation and increasing energy efficiency. |
| IIJA §40601—Funding to Support Orphan Well Plugging | Supports efforts to establish a program to plug, remediate, and reclaim orphaned wells on federal land (White House 2022). Eligible activities include scientific research on methane emissions associated with orphan oil and gas wells. |
| IIJA §40209—Advanced Energy Manufacturing and Recycling Grant Program | Funds program for states and Tribes to clean up abandoned coal mine sites and related problems that pose a threat to public health and safety (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §40701—Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund | Funds program for states and Tribes to clean up abandoned coal mine sites and related problems that pose a threat to public health and safety (White House 2022). |
| IIJA §41008—Industrial Emission Demonstration Projects | Funds industrial emissions demonstration projects that test technologies that reduce industrial emissions (White House 2022). Eligible uses include applying principles of sustainable manufacturing to minimize the potential negative environmental impacts while conserving energy and increasing energy efficiency of industrial processes. |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IIJA §41201—Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations | Establishes a new Department of Energy office to oversee and manage demonstration projects and support efforts to commercialize clean energy technologies, reduce costs, and address barriers to widespread deployment (Jenkins et al. 2022). |
| IIJA §50102—Drinking Water State Revolving Fund | Provides financial assistance to achieve the health protection objectives of the Safe Drinking Water Act (White House 2022). Eligible uses include projects that prioritize serious risks to human health and assist household systems most in need. |
| IIJA §71101—Clean School Bus Program | Funds the deployment of zero-emission and alternative-fuel school buses (White House 2022). |
| IIJA Division J, Title III—Water-Related Environmental Infrastructure Assistance | Funds engineering and construction of authorized environmental projects that offer safe water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control to protect human health (White House 2022). |
| IIJA Division J, Title V—Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities | Provides financial assistance for various hazard mitigation activities and projects, including projects designed to increase resilience and public safety and to reduce loss of life and infrastructure damage from the effects of climate change (White House 2022). |
| IIJA Division J, Title VI—Brownfields Projects | Provides technical assistance for brownfield activities that protect human health and the environment (White House 2022). Eligible uses include conducting community engagement and planning, site assessments, and direct site cleanup. |
| IIJA Division J, Title VI—Legacy Road and Trail Remediation Program | Funds the decommissioning and repairing of roads and trails to mitigate detrimental impacts to public safety and ecosystems or watersheds (White House 2022). |
| IIJA Division J, Title VI—Pollution Prevention Grants | Funds technical assistance to identify and adopt source reduction practices and technologies that benefit businesses, communities, and local economies (White House 2022). Eligible uses include targeted assistance to businesses for whom lack of information is an impediment. |
| IIJA Division J, Title VI—Superfund | Funds the cleanup of the nation’s most contaminated lands to protect public health and the environment (White House 2022). |
| IIJA Division J, Title VII—Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program | Assists eligible low-income households with heating and cooling energy costs, energy crisis assistance, and weatherization and energy-related repairs (White House 2022). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) §13901—Permanent Extension of Tax Rate to Fund Black Lung Disability Trust Fund | Makes permanent the increased coal excise tax rate for funding the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §30002—Improving Energy Efficiency or Water Efficiency or Climate Resilience of Affordable Housing | Provides funding to the Department of Housing and Urban Development for loans and grants (CRS 2022). The loans and grants must fund projects that address affordable housing and climate change issues. Eligible property includes low-income housing and housing for the elderly or disabled. |
| IRA §60101—Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicles | Provides incentives to replace eligible medium-duty vehicles (e.g., school buses) and heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., garbage trucks) with zero-emission vehicles (CRS 2022). It also provides funding for a program within the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to award grants and rebates for replacing such vehicles with zero-emission vehicles. |
| IRA §60102—Grants to Reduce Air Pollution at Ports | Provides incentives to reduce air pollution at ports and funding for rebates and grants for carrying out such activities in ports located in areas designated as non-attainment areas under the Clean Air Act (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60103—Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund | Establishes a GHG reduction fund for the deployment and use of zero-emission technologies, including financial and technical assistance to enable low-income and disadvantaged communities to deploy or benefit from zero-emission technologies (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60104—Diesel Emissions Reduction | Funds EPA program that gives grants, rebates, and loans to identify and reduce diesel emissions resulting from goods movement facilities as well as vehicles servicing those facilities in low-income and disadvantaged communities (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60105—Funding to Address Air Pollution | Provides funding for programs that incentivize activities to deploy, integrate, and maintain methods to monitor air toxins; expand the national ambient air quality monitoring network; deploy, integrate, and operate air quality sensors in low-income and disadvantaged communities; and conduct research and development related to the prevention and control of air pollution (CRS 2022). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IRA §60106—Funding to Address Air Pollution at Schools | Funds grants and other activities to monitor and reduce GHG emissions and other air pollutants at schools in low-income and disadvantaged communities (CRS 2022). Also provides funding for technical assistance to schools in low-income and disadvantaged communities. |
| IRA §60107—Low-Emissions Electricity Program | Provides funding for a program that will provide education, technical assistance, and outreach to reduce GHG emissions that result from domestic electricity use (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60108—Funding for Section 211(O) of the Clean Air Act | Provides funding to EPA for (1) the development and establishment of tests and protocols regarding the environmental and public health effects of a fuel or fuel additive; (2) the collection and analysis of data to update applicable regulations, guidance, and procedures for determining the amount of GHG emissions from a fuel; (3) the review, analysis, and evaluation of the impacts of all transportation fuels on the public; and (4) supporting investments in advanced biofuels (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60109—Funding for Implementation of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act | Provides funding to EPA to address hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) through grants for innovative technologies that reclaim or destroy HFCs (CRS 2022). Furthermore, it provides funding for the EPA to deploy new implementation and compliance tools when carrying out the American Innovation Act of 2020. |
| IRA §60110—Funding for Enforcement Technology and Public Information | Provides funding to update EPA’s Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS) and any associated systems, necessary information technology infrastructure, or public access software tools to ensure access to compliance data and related information (CRS 2022). It also provides funding for grants to states, Tribes, and air pollution control agencies to update their systems to ensure communication with ICIS. |
| IRA §60111—Greenhouse Gas Corporate Reporting | Provides funding for EPA to support (1) enhanced standardization and transparency of corporate climate action commitments and plans to reduce GHG emissions; (2) enhanced transparency regarding progress toward meeting such commitments and implementing such plans; and (3) progress toward meeting such commitments and implementing such plans (CRS 2022). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
| Provision—Title | Description |
|---|---|
| IRA §60112—Environmental Product Declaration Assistance | Provides funding to develop and carry out a program that supports the development, enhanced standardization and transparency, and reporting criteria for environmental product declarations for construction materials and products (CRS 2022). The declarations must include measurements of the GHGs associated with all the relevant stages of production, use, and disposal of the construction materials and products. |
| IRA §60113—Methane Emissions Reduction Program | Revises the Clean Air Act to create and provide funding for a Methane Emissions Reduction Program and a Methane Emissions Waste Reduction Program (CRS 2022). The Methane Emissions Reduction Program requires EPA to provide financial incentives for the reporting of GHGs, the monitoring of methane, and the reduction of methane emissions. The Methane Emissions Waste Reduction Program requires EPA to impose and collect a charge on methane emissions from a facility. |
| IRA §60114—Climate Pollution Reduction Grants | Establishes and funds a program that awards grants to states, air pollution control agencies, municipalities, and Tribes for developing and implementing plans to reduce GHG air pollution (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60115—Environmental Protection Agency Efficient, Accurate, and Timely Reviews | Funds EPA to provide for the development of efficient, accurate, and timely reviews for permitting and approval processes; environmental data or information systems and geographic information systems; and other analysis tools, techniques, and guidance to improve agency transparency, accountability, and public engagement (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60116—Low-Embodied Carbon Labeling for Construction Materials for Transportation Products | Provides funding to develop and carry out a program to identify and label construction materials and products that have substantially lower levels of GHGs associated with all the relevant stages of production, use, and disposal of the materials and products (CRS 2022). |
| IRA §60201—Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants | Provides funding to EPA for environmental and climate justice block grants that benefit disadvantaged communities (CRS 2022). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
REFERENCES
AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2021. AASHTO Comprehensive Analysis of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill: Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. https://www.ite.org/pub/?id=0B60D41F-ADD0-33EB-8ECF-15A3CB59D4A4.
CRS (Congressional Research Service). 2022. “Summary: H.R.5376—117th Congress (2021–2022).” https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376.
Jenkins, J.D., J. Farbes, R. Jones, and E. Mayfield. 2022. “REPEAT Project Section-by-Section Summary of Energy and Climate Policies in the 117th Congress.” http://bit.ly/REPEAT-Policies.
White House. 2022. Building a Better America: A Guidebook to the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Governments, and Other Partners. Washington, DC. https://www.whitehouse.gov/build/guidebook.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Public Health Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25931.
×
