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292 F I R E RESEARCH Calculations show that a layer of gases at a high temperature extended beneath the ceiling of the covered arcade for its entire length and that this condition and smoke logging of the arcade must have become estabhshed in about a mmute from the time when the fire in the shops flashed over. I t appears that the fire brigade were called just in time to prevent extensive fire spread. Wiersma, S. J . and Martin, S. B. (Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California) "Measurements of the Dynamics of Structural Fires," Annual Re- port, August 1970-August 1971, under Contract No. CAHCW-70-C-0219 for Office of Civil Defense (August 1971) Section: I Subjects: Structural fires, dynamic behavior. Measurements in structural fires Authors' Abstract The dynamic behavior of structural fires in the context of civil defense implica- tions foUowmg nuclear attack is experimentally evaluated. The second year's effort has studied the mteractive effects of pairs of structures that were burned simultaneously and the effects of wind on mdividual burning structures The buildings burned were similar to the one story wooden buildmgs used in the first year's program, so comparisons could be made. Also during the year, an oppor- tunity to measure radiant fluxes from burning buildmgs of masonry exterior was afforded by an urban renewal project. In comparison to the single burns of the previous year, the pair bums exhibit measurable mteractive effects, however, these effects are modest Burning rates are shghtly enhanced by the interaction of simultaneous fires in nearby structures; however, no measurable increase in induced inflow velocities is found A high wmd substantially increases the burning rate of an mdividual structure, and also the area in which fires can be igmted by radiation and firebrands. Radiant-flux levels are well correlated with flame areas A simple empirical equation fits reasonably well to the pulse of radiant energy from a burning building. The results of this year's work offer further evidence of the possibihty of generahzing at least some of the dynanuc characteristics of structural fires.
