National Academies Press: OpenBook

Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children (2015)

Chapter: Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results

« Previous: Appendix F: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Methods
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-1a
Medicaid Basis of Eligibility (BoE)1 ‐ Enrollees with ADHD

BoE 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Foster Care 13.4% 12.5% 11.6% 10.8% 12.3% 12.9% 12.4% 11.5% 9.8% 9.2%
Other 62.2% 64.0% 66.1% 67.7% 66.4% 66.0% 67.1% 68.7% 70.2% 72.0%
SSI/Disability 24.4% 23.5% 22.2% 21.5% 21.3% 21.1% 20.5% 19.8% 20.0% 18.8%
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
N 361,106 376,196 395,718 407,703 416,367 426,454 431,901 440,135 468,735 478,822

Table G-1b
Medicaid Basis of Eligibility (BoE)1 ‐ Enrollees without ADHD

BoE 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Foster Care 4.6% 4.4% 4.2% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.8% 3.2% 3.0%
Other 89.1% 89.6% 89.9% 90.1% 90.4% 90.2% 90.1% 90.5% 91.3% 92.0%
SSI/Disability 6.4% 6.0% 5.9% 5.8% 5.6% 5.8% 5.9% 5.7% 5.4% 5.1%
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
N 5,074,216 5,568,409 5,926,814 6,108,254 6,378,130 6,343,426 6,286,656 6,550,711 7,139,286 7,759,711

Table G-1c
Medicaid Basis of Eligibility (BoE)1 ‐ All enrollees

BoE 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Foster Care 4.8% 4.7% 4.5% 4.4% 4.3% 4.4% 4.4% 4.2% 3.6% 3.3%
Other 88.3% 88.8% 89.1% 89.2% 89.4% 89.2% 89.1% 89.4% 90.2% 90.9%
SSI/Disability 6.9% 6.5% 6.4% 6.4% 6.3% 6.4% 6.6% 6.4% 6.2% 5.8%
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
N 5,232,083 5,749,809 6,144,784 6,356,411 6,658,353 6,630,423 6,593,490 6,899,748 7,545,081 8,208,507

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
SOURCE: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

_________________

1 In the last month of observation for the enrollee.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-2a
Diagnoses ‐ All Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 3.0% 3.2% 3.5% 3.9% 4.2% 4.3% 4.7% 5.1% 5.4% 5.5%
Conduct disorder 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.4%
Emotional disturbances 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8%
Oppositional defiant disorder 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 1.4%
Depression 1.7% 1.7% 1.9% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2%
Bipolar disorders 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6%
Anxiety disorders 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3%
Autism spectrum disorders 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7%
Intellectual disorders 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5%
Learning disorders 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2%
Any of the above 7.9% 8.0% 8.4% 8.8% 9.2% 9.4% 10.0% 10.6% 11.0% 11.1%
Speech and language disorders 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.2% 2.4% 2.7%
Hearing disorders 4.9% 4.9% 5.1% 4.3% 4.7% 4.6% 4.8% 5.2% 5.7% 5.4%
Cerebral palsy 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4%
Asthma 2.3% 2.5% 2.8% 2.9% 3.2% 3.3% 3.4% 3.7% 4.3% 4.2%
N 5,232,083 5,749,809 6,144,784 6,356,411 6,658,353 6,630,423 6,593,490 6,899,748 7,545,081 8,208,507

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-2a (Ns)
Diagnoses ‐ All Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 157,867 181,400 217,970 248,157 280,223 286,997 306,834 349,037 405,795 448,796
Conduct disorder 56,189 63,443 69,909 73,841 76,985 78,507 82,497 92,676 107,546 113,367
Emotional disturbances 72,318 78,655 86,569 94,186 98,804 103,241 110,256 121,807 137,217 145,629
Oppositional defiant disorder 44,399 49,045 54,325 59,301 74,345 82,324 90,149 99,998 113,359 118,009
Depression 88,177 100,314 114,817 124,624 126,300 128,527 131,713 145,324 167,063 182,931
Bipolar disorders 15,923 19,417 24,416 29,740 34,189 36,616 40,266 43,427 46,999 48,018
Anxiety disorders 26,957 31,009 35,776 40,385 54,941 62,256 66,570 77,325 91,666 105,234
Autism spectrum disorders 11,746 13,465 16,373 18,753 28,486 32,772 38,155 44,804 49,699 57,758
Intellectual disorders 33,110 33,856 33,877 33,811 35,988 36,553 39,146 42,123 42,346 43,137
Learning disorders 62,126 64,606 66,378 66,428 68,794 72,325 69,711 75,656 85,646 101,565
Any of the above 411,670 458,502 515,838 561,252 612,024 626,073 659,001 731,818 831,780 907,731
Speech and language disorders 82,362 90,749 100,442 113,563 131,657 138,423 134,313 151,430 177,688 222,132
Hearing disorders 257,026 279,457 311,864 275,211 310,570 305,634 316,366 355,360 432,264 446,534
Cerebral palsy 27,694 28,937 31,612 32,373 33,028 33,582 34,440 35,134 35,811 36,488
Asthma 117,849 141,537 171,114 185,860 214,890 215,554 225,655 254,077 323,083 342,512

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-2b
Diagnoses ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 10.7% 11.3% 12.3% 13.1% 14.4% 14.2% 14.5% 15.7% 17.3% 17.7%
Conduct disorder 3.5% 3.7% 3.8% 4.0% 4.0% 3.9% 3.9% 4.2% 4.7% 4.6%
Emotional disturbances 4.2% 4.4% 4.5% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.9% 5.2% 5.4% 5.4%
Oppositional defiant disorder 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.5% 3.7% 4.0% 4.2% 4.6% 4.5%
Depression 4.0% 4.3% 4.5% 4.6% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.8% 5.4% 5.5%
Bipolar disorders 1.4% 1.7% 1.9% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% 2.7% 2.8% 3.0% 2.8%
Anxiety disorders 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6% 1.8% 2.0%
Autism spectrum disorders 2.2% 2.4% 2.7% 3.0% 3.8% 4.2% 4.9% 5.7% 6.0% 6.7%
Intellectual disorders 6.6% 6.5% 6.2% 6.2% 6.4% 6.4% 6.8% 7.1% 6.6% 6.4%
Learning disorders 5.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.9% 5.9% 6.0% 5.7% 5.8% 6.0% 6.8%
Any of the above 29.2% 30.2% 31.0% 32.2% 33.7% 33.3% 34.0% 36.0% 37.8% 38.6%
Speech and language disorders 6.3% 6.6% 6.9% 7.5% 8.4% 8.8% 8.6% 9.5% 10.3% 11.9%
Hearing disorders 8.6% 8.5% 8.4% 7.6% 7.7% 7.5% 7.7% 8.1% 8.6% 8.5%
Cerebral palsy 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 6.3% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 5.8% 5.7%
Asthma 4.9% 5.3% 5.7% 5.9% 6.3% 6.3% 6.5% 7.0% 8.0% 7.9%
N 361,106 376,196 395,718 407,703 416,367 426,454 431,901 440,135 468,735 478,822

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-2b (Ns)
Diagnoses ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 38,466 42,603 48,485 53,357 59,756 60,492 62,787 69,149 81,051 84,519
Conduct disorder 12,473 14,083 15,228 16,226 16,788 16,478 16,730 18,506 21,835 22,067
Emotional disturbances 15,180 16,534 17,907 19,168 19,628 20,184 21,117 22,702 25,464 25,870
Oppositional defiant disorder 9,884 10,902 11,781 12,412 14,565 15,840 17,246 18,639 21,331 21,320
Depression 14,478 16,198 17,769 18,745 18,576 18,669 19,004 21,295 25,213 26,251
Bipolar disorders 5,211 6,337 7,640 9,206 10,167 10,693 11,511 12,364 13,846 13,550
Anxiety disorders 2,916 3,150 3,557 3,970 5,117 5,677 6,295 7,234 8,522 9,473
Autism spectrum disorders 8,072 9,075 10,859 12,273 15,685 18,056 21,284 25,203 28,132 31,876
Intellectual disorders 23,872 24,371 24,499 25,079 26,506 27,407 29,515 31,153 30,956 30,563
Learning disorders 20,266 21,352 22,941 23,992 24,758 25,742 24,419 25,650 28,195 32,546
Any of the above 105,298 113,586 122,609 131,420 140,233 141,913 146,859 158,246 177,280 184,856
Speech and language disorders 22,787 24,742 27,333 30,509 35,141 37,667 37,256 41,885 48,361 57,106
Hearing disorders 30,919 32,074 33,438 30,981 31,853 32,106 33,110 35,497 40,537 40,861
Cerebral palsy 22,426 23,212 24,956 25,610 25,598 25,953 26,504 26,872 27,266 27,361
Asthma 17,622 19,885 22,719 24,144 26,243 26,893 28,078 30,708 37,307 38,034

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Figure G-1
Diagnoses ‐ All Enrollees

images

Mental health disorder: ADHD, conduct disorders, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual disorders, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders.

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

(Data for Figure G-1)
Diagnoses ‐ All Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 3.0% 3.2% 3.5% 3.9% 4.2% 4.3% 4.7% 5.1% 5.4% 5.5%
Other mental health disorder 6.3% 6.5% 7.0% 7.5% 7.8% 8.0% 8.5% 9.0% 9.5% 9.5%
Mental health disorder (broad) 7.9% 8.0% 8.4% 8.8% 9.2% 9.4% 10.0% 10.6% 11.0% 11.1%
Developmental disorder 7.8% 7.7% 7.9% 7.2% 7.8% 7.9% 8.1% 8.6% 9.2% 9.3%
Cerebral palsy 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4%
Asthma 2.3% 2.5% 2.8% 2.9% 3.2% 3.3% 3.4% 3.7% 4.3% 4.2%
N 5,232,083 5,749,809 6,144,784 6,356,411 6,658,353 6,630,423 6,593,490 6,899,748 7,545,081 8,208,507

Other mental health disorder: conduct disorder, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders (ADHD excluded).

Mental health disorder (broad): ADHD, conduct disorders, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual disorders, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders.

Developmental disorder: autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disorders, speech and language disorders, hearing disorders, learning disorders.

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Figure G-2
Diagnoses ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

images

Mental health disorder: ADHD, conduct disorders, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual disorders, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders.

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

(Data for Figure G-2)
Diagnoses ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD 10.7% 11.3% 12.3% 13.1% 14.4% 14.2% 14.5% 15.7% 17.3% 17.7%
Other mental health disorder 18.5% 19.6% 20.6% 21.7% 22.7% 21.9% 22.2% 23.7% 25.8% 26.0%
Mental health disorder (broad) 29.2% 30.2% 31.0% 32.2% 33.7% 33.3% 34.0% 36.0% 37.8% 38.6%
Developmental disorder 23.8% 24.2% 24.2% 24.2% 25.4% 25.9% 26.2% 27.5% 28.3% 29.9%
Cerebral palsy 6.2% 6.2% 6.3% 6.3% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 5.8% 5.7%
Asthma 4.9% 5.3% 5.7% 5.9% 6.3% 6.3% 6.5% 7.0% 8.0% 7.9%
N 361,106 376,196 395,718 407,703 416,367 426,454 431,901 440,135 468,735 478,822

Other mental health disorder: conduct disorder, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders (ADHD excluded).

Mental health disorder (broad): ADHD, conduct disorders, emotional disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual disorders, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders.

Developmental disorder: autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disorders, speech and language disorders, hearing disorders, learning disorders.

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-3a
ADHD Type ‐ All Enrollees

ADHD Type 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD with no other mental health/developmental dxs 1.9% 2.0% 2.2% 2.4% 2.6% 2.5% 2.7% 2.9% 3.1% 3.1%
ADHD with one or more other mental health/developmental dxs 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.8% 1.9% 2.1% 2.3% 2.4%
Proportion with one or more other mental health dxs 38.2% 37.8% 38.4% 37.8% 38.7% 41.2% 41.6% 42.2% 42.7% 43.3%
                     
ADHD without externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 2.5% 2.7% 3.0% 3.3% 3.5% 3.6% 3.8% 4.1% 4.4% 4.5%
ADHD with externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.0%
Proportion with externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 15.8% 15.7% 15.5% 15.2% 15.7% 17.5% 18.1% 18.4% 18.6% 18.3%
N 5,232,083 5,749,809 6,144,784 6,356,411 6,658,353 6,630,423 6,593,490 6,899,748 7,545,081 8,208,507

Table G-3b
ADHD Type ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

ADHD Type 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD with no other mental health/developmental dxs 5.7% 6.0% 6.3% 6.8% 7.4% 6.8% 6.7% 7.1% 7.9% 7.8%
ADHD with one or more other mental health/developmental dxs 4.9% 5.4% 5.9% 6.3% 6.9% 7.4% 7.8% 8.6% 9.4% 9.8%
Proportion with one or more other mental health dxs 46.3% 47.3% 48.3% 48.1% 48.3% 52.1% 53.9% 54.5% 54.5% 55.8%
                     
ADHD without externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 8.6% 9.1% 9.8% 10.5% 11.5% 11.0% 11.2% 12.0% 13.2% 13.5%
ADHD with externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 2.0% 2.2% 2.5% 2.6% 2.9% 3.1% 3.4% 3.7% 4.1% 4.1%
Proportion with externalizing disorder (CD/ODD) 19.2% 19.8% 20.3% 19.7% 19.9% 22.1% 23.2% 23.5% 23.8% 23.4%
N 361,106 376,196 395,718 407,703 416,367 426,454 431,901 440,135 468,735 478,822

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

Row groups are not all mutually exclusive, but each “with/without” pair is.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-4a
Comorbid diagnoses ‐ All Enrollees with ADHD

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD                    
Conduct disorder 8.1% 8.0% 7.9% 7.8% 7.9% 8.4% 8.5% 8.7% 8.8% 8.6%
Emotional disturbances 11.6% 11.4% 11.2% 10.9% 11.4% 12.8% 13.2% 13.4% 13.5% 13.4%
Oppositional defiant disorder 9.4% 9.4% 9.3% 9.1% 9.6% 11.1% 11.6% 11.8% 11.9% 11.7%
Depression 9.3% 9.1% 9.5% 9.8% 9.6% 10.4% 10.2% 10.4% 10.8% 11.2%
Bipolar disorders 3.4% 3.6% 4.0% 4.6% 4.9% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.0% 4.7%
Anxiety disorders 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 3.1% 3.4% 3.8% 3.9% 4.2% 4.6% 5.1%
Autism spectrum disorders 1.0% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.9% 2.2% 2.6% 2.9% 2.9% 3.2%
Intellectual disorders 2.1% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4%
Learning disorders 4.1% 4.1% 3.8% 3.7% 3.6% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 3.6% 3.9%
Speech and language disorders 4.5% 4.4% 4.7% 4.9% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1% 5.3% 5.6% 6.4%
Hearing disorders 7.7% 7.6% 7.9% 6.9% 6.9% 6.6% 6.6% 6.8% 7.0% 6.7%
Cerebral palsy 0.5% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4%
Asthma 4.2% 4.6% 5.1% 5.4% 6.0% 6.1% 6.2% 6.3% 7.0% 6.9%
N 157,867 181,400 217,970 248,157 280,223 286,997 306,834 349,037 405,795 448,796

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-4b
Comorbid diagnoses ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees with ADHD

Diagnosis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ADHD                    
Conduct disorder 10.2% 10.6% 10.8% 10.8% 10.6% 11.2% 11.2% 11.4% 11.6% 11.4%
Emotional disturbances 13.5% 13.6% 14.1% 13.6% 13.9% 15.8% 16.8% 17.0% 16.9% 16.7%
Oppositional defiant disorder 11.2% 11.5% 11.9% 11.4% 11.9% 13.9% 15.0% 15.2% 15.3% 14.9%
Depression 9.7% 9.9% 10.4% 10.6% 10.4% 11.3% 11.3% 12.2% 12.7% 13.4%
Bipolar disorders 5.4% 5.8% 6.5% 7.3% 7.7% 8.5% 8.9% 8.6% 8.3% 8.0%
Anxiety disorders 2.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.5% 2.6% 3.0% 3.3% 3.6% 3.7% 4.2%
Autism spectrum disorders 2.6% 2.8% 3.3% 3.7% 4.4% 5.4% 6.4% 7.4% 7.4% 8.2%
Intellectual disorders 5.5% 5.5% 5.3% 4.8% 4.8% 5.3% 5.4% 5.2% 4.4% 4.4%
Learning disorders 6.3% 6.6% 6.4% 6.4% 6.2% 6.4% 6.0% 6.1% 6.1% 6.8%
Speech and language disorders 6.7% 6.9% 7.3% 8.1% 8.1% 8.7% 8.8% 9.5% 10.1% 11.5%
Hearing disorders 7.8% 7.8% 7.8% 7.0% 6.9% 6.7% 7.0% 7.1% 7.2% 6.9%
Cerebral palsy 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3%
Asthma 4.7% 5.5% 6.2% 6.5% 7.3% 7.5% 7.6% 7.9% 8.6% 8.6%
N 38,466 42,603 48,485 53,357 59,756 60,492 62,787 69,149 81,051 84,519

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-5a
Diagnoses by Age, in 2010 ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis Age 3‐5 Age 6‐11 Age 12‐17
ADHD 6.5% 21.9% 17.6%
Conduct disorder 3.0% 4.4% 5.3%
Emotional disturbances 1.9% 5.2% 6.8%
Oppositional defiant disorder 1.0% 4.3% 5.8%
Depression 0.6% 3.8% 8.7%
Bipolar disorders 0.2% 1.9% 4.6%
Anxiety disorders 0.7% 2.0% 2.3%
Autism spectrum disorders 7.9% 7.8% 5.2%
Intellectual disorders 2.9% 6.3% 7.6%
Learning disorders 12.1% 7.4% 4.4%
Speech and language disorders 20.7% 15.3% 5.8%
Hearing disorders 19.8% 8.6% 4.6%
Cerebral palsy 7.3% 6.0% 5.0%
Asthma 12.8% 8.8% 5.5%
N 72,940 193,479 212,403

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year. Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes. Some sex and race/ethnicity data were missing.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-5b
Diagnoses by Sex, in 2010 ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis Female Male
ADHD 11.7% 20.6%
Conduct disorder 3.2% 5.3%
Emotional disturbances 4.3% 6.0%
Oppositional defiant disorder 3.4% 5.0%
Depression 5.8% 5.3%
Bipolar disorders 2.7% 2.9%
Anxiety disorders 2.2% 1.9%
Autism spectrum disorders 4.0% 8.0%
Intellectual disorders 7.1% 6.0%
Learning disorders 6.8% 6.8%
Speech and language disorders 11.1% 12.4%
Hearing disorders 10.0% 7.8%
Cerebral palsy 7.3% 4.9%
Asthma 7.9% 8.0%
N 159,270 319,549

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non-inpatient claims with qualifying ICD-9-CM codes.
Some sex and race/ethnicity data were missing.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-5c
Diagnoses by Race/ethnicity, in 2010 ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees

Diagnosis White Black/Af. Am. Am. Indian/AK Native Asian Hispanic/Latino More than 1/Unknown
ADHD 23.3% 18.8% 18.4% 4.5% 10.3% 15.7%
Conduct disorder 5.2% 5.1% 4.3% 2.1% 3.7% 4.1%
Emotional disturbances 6.9% 6.6% 7.6% 1.0% 3.2% 4.1%
Oppositional defiant disorder 5.6% 5.8% 5.7% 0.7% 2.2% 3.3%
Depression 8.0% 5.5% 8.1% 1.9% 5.2% 3.9%
Bipolar disorders 5.6% 2.2% 3.4% 0.7% 1.9% 1.9%
Anxiety disorders 3.5% 1.3% 2.8% 1.0% 2.1% 1.7%
Autism spectrum disorders 12.5% 3.7% 5.1% 11.0% 6.0% 5.8%
Intellectual disorders 10.6% 3.8% 3.5% 25.9% 11.6% 3.9%
Learning disorders 8.5% 5.5% 10.4% 5.3% 5.5% 7.3%
Speech and language disorders 14.6% 9.0% 17.1% 10.9% 8.4% 14.0%
Hearing disorders 11.4% 4.8% 10.6% 7.4% 10.1% 9.7%
Cerebral palsy 8.6% 3.3% 5.1% 12.8% 9.1% 4.9%
Asthma 6.3% 9.2% 8.5% 4.2% 7.4% 8.1%
N 104,116 152,011 5,320 3,635 49,189 161,876

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-6a
ADHD Treatment ‐ All Enrollees with ADHD

Treatment status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Not Treated 13.1% 12.2% 10.3% 8.5% 9.9% 10.0% 9.8% 9.3% 8.8% 8.0%
Treated with medication only 65.2% 66.8% 60.9% 52.6% 53.2% 52.5% 51.7% 51.8% 52.4% 53.2%
Treated with psychotherapy only 3.2% 2.9% 4.6% 6.1% 6.2% 7.0% 7.2% 7.2% 7.0% 6.7%
Treated with both medication and psychotherapy 18.5% 18.1% 24.2% 32.8% 30.8% 30.6% 31.4% 31.7% 31.8% 32.1%
N 157,867 181,400 217,970 248,157 280,223 286,997 306,834 349,037 405,795 448,796

Table G-6b
ADHD Treatment ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees with ADHD

Treatment status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Not Treated 15.3% 14.6% 12.6% 11.0% 11.5% 10.2% 9.5% 9.3% 8.6% 7.6%
Treated with medication only 67.6% 68.4% 60.2% 49.6% 50.7% 50.5% 48.6% 48.0% 50.1% 50.2%
Treated with psychotherapy only 2.2% 1.9% 3.6% 5.0% 5.2% 6.1% 6.6% 6.9% 6.0% 8.2%
Treated with both medication and psychotherapy 14.9% 15.1% 23.6% 34.4% 32.6% 33.1% 35.3% 35.8% 35.3% 36.4%
N 38,466 42,603 48,485 53,357 59,756 60,492 62,787 69,149 81,051 84,519

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Medications are limited to those on the ADHD medication list.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-7a
Mental Health Treatment ‐ All Enrollees with One or More Mental Health/Developmental Diagnoses, in 2010

Diagnosis Not Treated Treated with medication only Treated with psychotherapy only Treated with both medication and psychotherapy  
ADHD 6.9% 54.3% 5.2% 33.6% 100%
Conduct disorder 27.4% 21.7% 18.2% 32.7% 100%
Emotional disturbances 22.8% 19.6% 19.1% 38.4% 100%
Oppositional defiant disorder 20.6% 19.9% 18.4% 41.1% 100%
Depression 21.8% 25.2% 14.1% 38.9% 100%
Bipolar disorders 4.6% 35.4% 4.2% 55.8% 100%
Anxiety disorders 26.2% 15.3% 29.5% 29.0% 100%
Autism spectrum disorders 28.8% 31.7% 12.0% 27.5% 100%
Intellectual disorders 42.0% 35.3% 7.3% 15.3% 100%
Learning disorders 49.9% 19.2% 17.2% 13.8% 100%
    Any of the above 24.3% 36.6% 13.9% 25.3% 100%
Speech and language disorders 70.4% 15.1% 7.0% 7.5% 100%
Hearing disorders 84.4% 8.3% 3.7% 3.7% 100%

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Medication types include: ADHD medications, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics/hypnotics.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Table G-7b Mental Health Treatment ‐ SSI/Disability Enrollees with One or More Mental Health/Developmental Diagnoses, in 2010

Diagnosis Not Treated Treated with medication only Treated with psychotherapy only Treated with both medication and psychotherapy  
ADHD 5.4% 52.3% 3.6% 38.6% 100%
Conduct disorder 16.1% 33.4% 8.9% 41.7% 100%
Emotional disturbances 13.1% 26.3% 10.3% 50.3% 100%
Oppositional defiant disorder 10.7% 26.0% 9.4% 54.0% 100%
Depression 10.3% 33.5% 6.5% 49.8% 100%
Bipolar disorders 3.1% 40.3% 1.9% 54.7% 100%
Anxiety disorders 15.3% 26.4% 14.5% 43.9% 100%
Autism spectrum disorders 30.8% 38.1% 7.2% 23.9% 100%
Intellectual disorders 43.9% 39.1% 4.4% 12.6% 100%
Learning disorders 45.9% 29.7% 10.0% 14.5% 100%
    Any of the above 25.3% 41.5% 6.9% 26.3% 100%
Speech and language disorders 56.7% 25.9% 6.2% 11.3% 100%
Hearing disorders 61.8% 24.3% 4.6% 9.3% 100%

Inclusion criteria: youth age 3‐17 with 11+ months of Medicaid eligibility and no dual eligibility in the year.
Source: Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) data for 20 states: AK, AL, AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, SD, VA, VT, WY.

A diagnosis was established based on the presence of one or more inpatient or two or more non‐inpatient claims with qualifying ICD‐9‐CM codes.

Medication types include: ADHD medications, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics/hypnotics.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×

Project conducted by:

Center for Health Services Research on Pharmacotherapy, Chronic Disease Management, and

Outcomes, and Center for Education and Research on Mental Health Therapeutics

Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research

Rutgers University

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 421
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 422
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 423
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 424
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 425
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 427
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 428
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 429
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
Page 433
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Medicaid Analytic eXtract Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.
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Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010. Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder.

At the request of the Social Security Administration, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders. While this report is not a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children provides the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural course and under treatment.

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